The invention relates to a method for analyzing molecular properties and/or reaction conditions, comprising a step of providing a first store having a first surface, wherein a specific selection of sample molecules is directly or indirectly bonded to the surface in a defined arrangement, a step of producing at least two transfer stores, wherein at least two additional surfaces are provided, and a reaction step, selected from the group comprising a transfer reaction, an amplification reaction, and/or a derivatization reaction, whereby product molecules can arise and said product molecules and/or the sample molecules bond to the surfaces, wherein there is a clear spatial association between the sample molecules of the first store and the product molecules and/or sample molecules of the transfer stores and the first store, the transfer stores, the sample molecules, the product molecules, the transfer reaction, the amplification reaction, and/or the derivatization reaction is analyzed.

Embodiments of the present invention provide substrates having controllably co-located polymers of different sequences. Methods are provided that allow the fabrication of arrays of polymers on a substrate having controllably co-located polymers in regions of the array. For example, polymers of nucleic acids and peptides having different sequences and or compositions can be co-located within a region of a substrate. Also provided are arrays of DNA polymers wherein polymers having two different sequences are co-located within a region of an array. The co-located DNA polymers can comprise complementary DNA that is able to hybridize and form double stranded DNA. Arrays having regions comprising double stranded DNA are provided.

There is disclosed a process for in vitro synthesis and assembly of long, gene-length polynucleotides based upon assembly of multiple shorter oligonucleotides synthesized in situ on a microarray platform. Specifically, there is disclosed a process for in situ synthesis of oligonucleotide fragments on a solid phase microarray platform and subsequent, “on device” assembly of larger polynucleotides composed of a plurality of shorter oligonucleotide fragments.

Various embodiments of the teachings relate to a system or method for sample preparation or analysis in biochemical or molecular biology procedures. The sample preparation can involve small volume processed in discrete portions or segments or slugs, herein referred to as discrete volumes. A molecular biology procedure can be nucleic acid analysis. Nucleic acid analysis can be an integrated DNA amplification/DNA sequencing procedure.

Provided are methods for non-enzymatically synthesizing nucleic acids. The methods include submerging a first portion of the outer surface of a cylinder in a non-enzymatic nucleic acid synthesis reaction mixture. The reaction mixture has a pH of 4 or less and includes an organizing matrix reagent and monophosphate nucleotides. The methods further include rotating the cylinder about its axis of radial symmetry so that the first portion of the outer surface of the cylinder is no longer submerged in the reaction mixture, thereby providing a thin film of the reaction mixture on the first portion of the outer surface of the cylinder. The methods further include heating and drying the thin film to form phosphodiester bonds between the monophosphate nucleotides of the thin film. Also provided are devices that find use, e.g., in practicing the methods of the present disclosure.

Provided are a chip matrix, a sequencing chip, and a manufacturing method thereof. The chip matrix includes: a wafer layer (111), the wafer layer (111) having cutting lines that are evenly distributed thereon; a first silicon oxide layer (112), the first silicon oxide layer (112) being made of silicon oxide and formed on an upper surface of the wafer layer (111); a transition metal oxide layer (113), the transition metal oxide layer (113) being made of transition metal oxide and formed on an upper surface of the first silicon oxide layer (112). The chip matrix has characteristics such as resistances against high temperature, high humidity and other harsh environments. Meanwhile, by changing pH, surfactant and other components of a solution containing sequences to be sequenced, a surface functional region of the chip matrix can specifically adsorb a sequence to be sequenced.

High surface area coatings are applied to solid substrates to increase the surface area available for solid-phase synthesis of polymers. The high surface area coatings use three-dimensional space to provide more area for functional groups to bind polymers than an untreated solid substrate. The polymers may be oligonucleotides, polypeptides, or another type of polymer. The solid substrate is a rigid supportive layer made from a material such as glass, a silicon material, a metal material, and plastic. The coating may be thin films, hydrogels, microparticles. The coating may be made from a metal oxide, a high-κ dielectric, a low-κ dielectric, an etched metal, a carbon material, or an organic polymer. The functional groups may be hydroxyl groups, amine groups, thiolate groups, alkenes, n-alkenes, alkalines, N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)-activated esters, polyaniline, aminosilane groups, silanized oxides, oligothiophenes, and diazonium compounds. Techniques for applying coatings to solid substrates and attaching functional groups are also disclosed.

An electron microscopy grid, includes: (i) a perforated substrate, (ii) a support film on the perforated substrate, the support film having a thickness of 60 Å or less, and (iii) linkers attached on top of the support film. The linkers has at least one affinity group for immobilizing an analyte; wherein the linkers form a non-random pattern on the support film.

Nucleic acid memory strands encoding digital data using a sequence of a homopolymer tracts of repeated nucleotides provides a cheaper and faster alternative to conventional digital DNA storage techniques. The use of homopolymer tracts allows for lower fidelity, high throughput sequencing techniques such as nanopore sequencing to read data encoded in the memory strands. Specialized synthesis techniques allow for synthesis of long memory strands capable of encoding large volumes of data despite the reduced data density afforded by homopolymer tracts as compared to conventional single nucleotide sequences.

The present invention relates to the field of biochips, and provides a surface linker for a semiconductor chip, a preparation method therefor and an application thereof. The chip surface linker reacts with a chip surface by means of using silanized molecules as a solute and toluene as a solvent so as to form bonding molecules connected to the chip surface, and is prepared by reacting with functionalized molecules to modify a hydroxyl group and an ester group. The chip surface linker obtained by the present invention may be stably bonded to the chip surface, is stable under acidic and alkaline conditions, has good electrical conductivity, electrical stability and resistance to organic solvents required for nucleic acid synthesis, and is extremely advantageous for subsequent nucleic acid.