This disclosure relates to DNA double-write/double binding identity, and the design and use of DNA double-write materials and methods in processes and systems for macro, micro, and nano-photolithography and self-assembly processes for carrying out two and three dimensional nanofabrication.

Devices and methods for de novo synthesis of large and highly accurate libraries of oligonucleic acids are provided herein. Devices include structures having a main channel and microchannels, where the microchannels have a high surface area to volume ratio. Devices disclosed herein provide for de novo synthesis of oligonucleic acids having a low error rate.

An example of a flow cell includes a substrate, a plurality of chambers defined on or in the substrate, and a plurality of depressions defined in the substrate and within a perimeter of each of the plurality of chambers. The depressions are separated by interstitial regions. Primers are attached within each of the plurality of depressions, and a capture site is located within each of the plurality of chambers.

Methods, systems, compositions, and devices for the manufacturing of high-quality building blocks, such as polynucleotides, are described herein. Processes described herein provide for efficient washing of residual reagents, solvents, or byproducts from previous synthetic steps to allow for the generation of polynucleotides with low error rates. Processes described herein also provide for reduction in deletion rates during chemical nucleic acid synthesis. Further, methods and devices described herein allow for the rapid construction and assembly of large libraries of highly accurate polynucleotides.

The present disclosure relates to processes for inverting oligonucleotide probes in an in situ synthesized array. These processes can be used to reverse the orientation of probes with respect to the substrate from 3-bound to 5-bound. These processes can also be used to reduce or eliminate the presence of truncated probe sequences from an in situ synthesized array.

The invention relates to a microarray structure that may include a substrate material layer, a continuous three-dimensional (3D) surface layer on the substrate material layer that is capable of functionalisation for use as an array, and an inert material. The structure may include accurately defined and functionalisable isolated areas which are millimeter to nanometer in size. The functionalisable areas may be part of the continuous 3D surface layer and may be isolated by the inert material but interconnected within the structure by the continuous 3D surface layer.

Methods and compositions are disclosed relating to the localization of nucleic acids to arrays such as silane-free arrays, and of sequencing the nucleic acids localized thereby.

Devices having a low non-specific binding surface and formulations for performing solid-phase nucleic acid hybridization and amplification are described that provide improved performance for nucleic acid detection, amplification, and sequencing applications. These devices provide more accurate data collection and more accurate sequence reads.

Improved system and method are described that utilize surfaces with low non-specific binding supports and formulations for performing solid-phase nucleic acid hybridization and amplification. The system and method described herein provide improved performance for nucleic acid detection and other applications.

A method of forming an integrated device includes forming a sample well within a cladding layer of a substrate; forming a sacrificial spacer layer over the substrate and into the sample well; performing a directional etch of the sacrificial spacer layer so as to form a sacrificial sidewall spacer on sidewalls of the sample well; forming, over the substrate and into the sample well, a functional layer that provides a location for attachment of a biomolecule; and removing the sacrificial spacer material.