A barrel reactor (100) comprises a rotatable barrel (102); a first roller (110) located outside of the barrel (102) and arranged to facilitate rotation of the barrel, wherein the roller (110) comprises at least part of a first electrode; and a second electrode (120). A plasma is formed between the electrodes (110, 120). The second electrode (120) may also comprise a roller and the barrel (102) may be mounted on the rollers (110, 120). The spacing between, or positions of, the electrodes (110, 120) may be adjusted so as to accommodate different barrels (102) and/or to change the plasma distribution within the barrel (102).

In a method and device for conversion of water into hydrogen peroxide (H.sub.2O.sub.2), a corona discharge zone is generated between a first electrode (10) and a second electrode (6) one of which is insulated and another of which is not insulated and wherein a respective surface of each of the electrodes face one another. The first electrode (10) is rotated so as to induce relative rotation between the first electrode and the second electrode; and liquid water is conveyed on to a surface of the first electrode facing the second electrode close to the axis of rotation (4) of the first electrode whereby the liquid water advances outward through the corona discharge zone towards a periphery of the first electrode under the action of centrifugal force caused by rotation of the first electrode.

Devices suitable for use in an advanced oxidation method for organic and inorganic pollutants deploying OH* radicals and ozone is disclosed. Optionally, a first discharge device, providing OH* radicals and second discharge device providing ozone, are combined to provide desirable chemical and biocidal characteristics. Further, efficient mixing systems for transferring the radicals to the target fluid are disclosed.

The present invention relates to a method for treating a sample using glow-discharge plasma comprising one or more treatment steps, in which the sample for treatment is subject to plasma treatment in a treatment vessel provided with a temperature control system, wherein during the one or more treatment steps the treatment vessel is rotated about an axis in order to agitate the sample and the temperature control system is used to cool or heat the sample. The present invention also relates to an apparatus for use in such a method.

In order to stabilize injection of water plasma, a vortex water flow generator forms a vortex water flow for passing arc discharge. The vortex water flow generator includes a cylindrical portion configured to form a vortex water flow along an inner circumference, a first middle partition and a second middle partition protruding from the inner circumference of the cylindrical portion. The first middle partition and the second middle partition respectively have an opening to include a center axis line position of the cylindrical portion. An opening of the second middle partition on the side of the positive electrode is larger than an opening of the first middle partition on the side of the negative electrode.

In order to attain an efficient decomposition process by water plasma, a decomposition processor includes a water plasma generator which is configured to inject water plasma, from the injection port, by arc discharge generated between negative and positive electrodes; and a supply device configured to supply a decomposition target object to a water plasma jet stream injected from the water plasma generator, wherein the decomposition target object is decomposed by the water plasma. The supply device has a nozzle for providing the decomposition target object from a tip, and the negative electrode, the injection port, the positive electrode and the nozzle are arranged in that order along the center axis line of the injection port. The tip of the nozzle is placed inside of the water plasma jet stream.

A barrel reactor (100) comprises a rotatable barrel (102); a first roller (110) located outside of the barrel (102) and arranged to facilitate rotation of the barrel, wherein the roller (110) comprises at least part of a first electrode; and a second electrode (120). A plasma is formed between the electrodes (110, 120). The second electrode (120) may also comprise a roller and the barrel (102) may be mounted on the rollers (110, 120). The spacing between, or positions of, the electrodes (110, 120) may be adjusted so as to accommodate different barrels (102) and/or to change the plasma distribution within the barrel (102).

A vortex water generator forms a vortex water flow for passing arc discharge. The vortex water flow generator includes a cylindrical portion configured to form a vortex water flow along an inner circumference; first middle partition and second middle partition protruding from the inner circumference of the cylindrical portion, a rear partition formed in a rear end side of the cylindrical portion, and a front partition provided in a front end side of the cylindrical portion. Each partition has an opening to include a center axis line position of the cylindrical portion. Each opening has a different opening shape in size. The middle partition and the front partition have negative electrode side surfaces formed by tapered surfaces receding from the negative electrode as close to the center axis line. Arc-shaped beveled portions are formed between the tapered surfaces and inner circumferential surfaces of the openings.

A method of treating particles by disaggregating, deagglomerating, exfoliating, cleaning, functionalising, doping, decorating and/or repairing said particles, in which the particles are subjected to plasma treatment in a treatment chamber containing a plurality of electrodes which project therein and wherein plasma is generated by said electrodes which are moved during the plasma treatment to agitate the particles.

A method of treating particles by disaggregating, deagglomerating, exfoliating, cleaning, functionalizing, doping, decorating and/or repairing said particles, in which the particles are subjected to plasma treatment in a treatment chamber containing a plurality of electrodes which project therein and wherein plasma is generated by said electrodes which are moved during the plasma treatment to agitate the particles.