In order to stabilize injection of water plasma, a vortex water flow generator forms a vortex water flow for passing arc discharge. The vortex water flow generator includes a cylindrical portion configured to form a vortex water flow along an inner circumference, a first middle partition and a second middle partition protruding from the inner circumference of the cylindrical portion. The first middle partition and the second middle partition respectively have an opening to include a center axis line position of the cylindrical portion. An opening of the second middle partition on the side of the positive electrode is larger than an opening of the first middle partition on the side of the negative electrode.

In order to attain an efficient decomposition process by water plasma, a decomposition processor includes a water plasma generator which is configured to inject water plasma, from the injection port, by arc discharge generated between negative and positive electrodes; and a supply device configured to supply a decomposition target object to a water plasma jet stream injected from the water plasma generator, wherein the decomposition target object is decomposed by the water plasma. The supply device has a nozzle for providing the decomposition target object from a tip, and the negative electrode, the injection port, the positive electrode and the nozzle are arranged in that order along the center axis line of the injection port. The tip of the nozzle is placed inside of the water plasma jet stream.

To provide an apparatus and a method of producing fine particles capable of increasing evaporation efficiency of a material, increasing the production of fine particles and reducing costs by heating the inputted material by a gas heated by thermal plasma. A fine particle production apparatus includes a vacuum chamber, a material feeding device connected to the vacuum chamber and feeding material particles from a material feeding port into the vacuum chamber, electrodes arranged in the vacuum chamber for generating plasma and a collection device connected to the vacuum chamber and collecting fine particles, which produces the fine particles from the material by generating electric discharge inside the vacuum chamber, in which the collection device and the material feeding device are connected by piping, and a material heating and circulation device which heats the material by heat of a gas inside the chamber heated by the plasma through the piping is provided.

Systems and methods for a nitric oxide (NO) generation system are provided. In particular, the present disclosure provide an NO generation system that is configured to be cooled to maintain an NO generator of the system at or below temperatures safe for patient use and contact. In some non-limiting examples, the NO generation system may include a pump configured to furnish a fluid (e.g., a gas) toward and/or through the NO generator to provide cooling thereto.

The invention provides methods and systems for water dissociation with microplasma generated in microchannel plasma arrays or chips. Preferred methods and systems introduce water vapor into a microchannel plasma array. Electrical power is applied to the microchannel plasma array to create a plasma chemical reaction of the water vapor in the microchannel plasma array. Dissociated hydrogen and/or oxygen gas is collected at an output of the microchannel plasma array. The water vapor can be entrained in a carrier gas, but is preferably introduced without carrier gas. Direct introduction of water vapor has been demonstrated to provide efficiencies at an above 60%. The use of carrier gas reduces efficiency, but still exceeds efficiencies of prior methods discussed in the background.

A dielectric barrier discharge plasma reactor, for activating a gas-phase chemical reaction, includes at least one tubular pipe made of dielectric material, an inner electrode and an outer electrode. The inner electrode is limited to the inlet of an active zone of the reactor, so that voltage pulses applied between both electrodes generate propagating discharges in the active zone. The reactor produces a volume-contact between a gas stream containing reactants and a plasma created by the discharges, allowing effective transfer of activation energy between the plasma and the reactants.

Method and apparatus for synthesizing compounds by a low temperature plasma dual-electric field aided gas phase reaction are provided. The method utilizes two different electrode corona discharge fields in a plasma aided reactor to form a plasma dual-electric field, using electric energy to convert gas into gas molecules, atoms, ions and/or free radicals, and then reforming and reducing to obtain organic compounds such as aliphatic hydrocarbons, higher carbon ethers, higher carbon alcohols, higher carbon esters, lower carbon alcohols, and the like; also inorganic compounds such as N.sub.2, O.sub.2, H.sub.2SO.sub.4, NH.sub.3, and the like. The apparatus includes a reactor having a plasma region of two different corona discharge fields, wherein an alternating current corona discharge field or a positive corona discharge field is set in the first electric field, and a negative corona discharge field is set in the second electric field.

The method for manufacturing a photosemiconductor according to the present disclosure includes treating a metal base material containing at least one kind of transition metal with a plasma under a pressure lower than atmospheric pressure and at a temperature lower than a volatilization temperature of the transition metal under an atmosphere at the pressure to provide the photosemiconductor containing the transition metal and a nitrogen element from at least a part of the metal base material. Here, the plasma is generated by applying a high-frequency voltage at a frequency in a range of not less than 30 MHz and not more than 300 MHz to a gas between a first electrode and a second electrode, and the gas is any one of: (i) a nitrogen gas; (ii) a gaseous mixture consisting of a nitrogen gas and an oxygen gas; (iii) a gaseous mixture consisting of a nitrogen gas and a rare gas; and (iv) a gaseous mixture consisting of a nitrogen gas, an oxygen gas, and a rare gas.

This invention relates generally to novel methods and novel devices for the continuous manufacture of nanoparticles, microparticles and nanoparticle/liquid solution(s) (e.g., colloids). The nanoparticles (and/or micron-sized particles) comprise a variety of possible compositions, sizes and shapes. The particles (e.g., nanoparticles) are caused to be present (e.g., created and/or the liquid is predisposed to their presence (e.g., conditioned)) in a liquid (e.g., water) by, for example, preferably utilizing at least one adjustable plasma (e.g., created by at least one AC and/or DC power source), which plasma communicates with at least a portion of a surface of the liquid. At least one subsequent and/or substantially simultaneous adjustable electrochemical processing technique is also preferred. Multiple adjustable plasmas and/or adjustable electrochemical processing techniques are preferred. Processing enhancers can be utilized alone or with a plasma. Semicontinuous and batch processes can also be utilized. The continuous processes cause at least one liquid to flow into, through and out of at least one trough member, such liquid being processed, conditioned and/or effected in said trough member(s). Results include constituents formed in the liquid including ions, micron-sized particles and/or nanoparticles (e.g., metallic-based nanoparticles) of novel size, shape, composition, concentration, zeta potential and certain other novel properties present in a liquid.

A vortex water generator forms a vortex water flow for passing arc discharge. The vortex water flow generator includes a cylindrical portion configured to form a vortex water flow along an inner circumference; first middle partition and second middle partition protruding from the inner circumference of the cylindrical portion, a rear partition formed in a rear end side of the cylindrical portion, and a front partition provided in a front end side of the cylindrical portion. Each partition has an opening to include a center axis line position of the cylindrical portion. Each opening has a different opening shape in size. The middle partition and the front partition have negative electrode side surfaces formed by tapered surfaces receding from the negative electrode as close to the center axis line. Arc-shaped beveled portions are formed between the tapered surfaces and inner circumferential surfaces of the openings.