A system for performing treatment of a liquid by ionized gas comprises a laminar flow liquid gas plasma reactor. The plasma reactor includes electrodes, an upper and lower flow spreader, and a housing. The reactor uses gas to form a gas zone above the liquid where the gas is ionized directly above and in direct contact with the liquid. The ionized gas reacts with the liquid to form an effluent.

Devices are provided for generating a plasma field for dissociating water into elemental hydrogen and water. The elemental hydrogen may be used directly to produce power, or may be stored for use as an energy source or as a commodity. The devices of the present invention can provide on site, point of use sources for producing elemental hydrogen. In addition, the devices can produce a net positive energy output.

A nanometer-size-particle production apparatus and method are provided which can prevent the occurrence of waste fluids, and which makes quick and continuous syntheses feasible while suppressing damages to the electrode. The nanometer-size-particle production apparatus is for synthesizing nanometer size particles in a liquid by means of plasma in the liquid.

A method for generating a hybrid reaction flows feedstock gas that is also a plasma medium through microchannels. Plasma is generated with the plasma medium via excitation with a time-varying voltage. UV or VUV emissions are generated at a wavelength selected to break a chemical bond in the feedstock gas. The UV or VUV emissions are directed into the microchannels to interact with the plasma medium and generate a reaction product from the plasma medium. A hybrid reactor device includes a microchannel plasma array having inlets and outlets for respectively flowing gas feedstock into and reaction product out of the microchannel plasma array. A UV or VUV emission lamp has its emissions directed into microchannels of the microchannel plasma array. Electrodes ignite plasma in the microchannels and stimulating the UV or VUV emission lamp to generate UV or VUV emissions. One common or plural phased time-varying voltage sources drive the plasma array and the UV or VUV emission lamp.

The invention relates to a flow cell having a tube piece which extends along a longitudinal axis and within which a first electrode is coaxially arranged. The tube piece is formed by a first tube section and by a second tube section and by a second electrode which is arranged between the first and the second tube sections and which is circumferentially closed, so that its inner surface forms a part of the tube piece.

Nanoparticles are synthesized by suctioning a liquid under a negative pressure with a negative-pressure suction force caused by the rotation of a rotary blade, causing cavitation by stirring the suctioned liquid by the rotary blade, generating plasma generated by a plasma generation mechanism in air bubbles generated in the liquid, and in that case, consuming an electrode containing elements constituting the nanoparticles to be synthesized.

A methane purification system includes one or more components that cool and compress an input methane-containing gaseous mixture stream to form a first methane-containing gaseous mixture stream. A filter-separator in fluid communication with the one or more components receives the first methane-containing gaseous mixture stream removing water therefrom to form a second methane-containing gaseous mixture stream. An activated carbon station receives the second methane-containing gaseous mixture stream removing hydrogen sulfide therefrom to form a third methane-containing gaseous mixture stream. A methanol scrubber that receives the third methane-containing gaseous mixture stream or an expanded stream therefrom, removing carbon dioxide to form a fourth methane-containing gaseous mixture stream. A final stage separator produces a purified methane stream from the fourth methane-containing gaseous mixture stream or an expanded stream therefrom.

A nitrous acid generator includes a treatment vessel having an inner space being capable of holding a liquid; a gas supplier supplying a gas to the inner space such that the gas forms a bubble in the liquid, the gas containing oxygen and nitrogen; a plasma generator including a first electrode, a second electrode, and a power supply for applying a voltage therebetween, the plasma generator generating plasma in the bubble, the plasma producing nitrogen oxide including nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide; a gas-liquid contact member to which the nitrogen oxide and the liquid are introduced from the treatment vessel, the gas-liquid contact member causing the nitrogen oxide to be dissolved in the liquid while the nitrogen oxide and the liquid pass through the gas-liquid contact member; and a cooler cooling the nitrogen oxide and the liquid while the nitrogen oxide and the liquid pass through the gas-liquid contact member.

A device for removing toxic or harmful materials from an inside sealed by a sealed-type flexible enclosing cover, wherein the contaminated surface of the subject of decontamination is covered with the enclosing cover and a reactive gas is introduced thereto, and particularly to a decontamination and sterilization device, wherein a plasma generator is fixed to a enclosing cover and a plasma gas containing an active radical generated from the plasma generator is introduced to the inside sealed by the enclosing cover together with a reactive gas having a hydroxyl group such as hydrogen peroxide (H.sub.2O.sub.2), water (H.sub.2O), or an alcohol (C.sub.nH.sub.2n+1OH) to thus increase the production of a reactive radical, whereby the plasma and the reactive gas are intensively applied to the inside sealed by the enclosing cover, thus increasing the contact with contaminants and realizing more efficient decontamination.

A two step process for the destruction of a precursor material using a steam plasma in a three zone reactor wherein the precursor material is hydrolyzed as a first step in the high temperature zone of the reactor, followed by a second step of medium temperature oxidation of the reactant stream in the combustion zone of the reactor where combustion oxygen or air is injected and immediate quenching of the resulting gas stream to avoid the formation of unwanted by-products. A related apparatus includes a non transferred direct current steam plasma torch, an externally cooled three zone steam plasma reactor means for introducing the precursor material into the plasma plume of the plasma torch, means for introducing the combustion air or oxygen into the combustion zone, means for exiting the reactant mixture from the reactor and means for quenching the reactant mixture located at the exit end of the reactor.