There is provided an apparatus comprising a microwave generator, for heating catalyst material, and an electrochemical pump. A reactive process is catalyzed by the heated catalyst material to produce reaction products, and some of the reaction products are recovered via the electrochemical pump.

In order to provide a microwave treatment apparatus capable of properly controlling microwave irradiation, a microwave treatment apparatus 1 includes: an irradiating portion that performs microwave irradiation from multiple emitting portions; a moving portion that individually moves the multiple emitting portions; and a control portion that controls movements of the emitting portions by the moving portion, wherein the irradiating portion is such that phases of microwaves that are emitted from the multiple emitting portions are changeable, and the control portion controls phases of microwaves that are emitted by the irradiating portion from the multiple emitting portions.

Microwave chemical processing system having a microwave plasma reactor, and a multi-stage gas-solid separation system are disclosed. The microwave energy source has a waveguide, a reaction zone, and an inlet configured to receive the input material, and the input material is converted into separated components. The separated components include hydrogen gas and carbon particles. The multi-stage gas-solid separation system has a first cyclone separator to filter the carbon particles from the separated components, and a back-pulse filter system coupled to the output of the first cycle separator to filter the carbon particles from the output from the first cyclone separator.

In order to suppress discharge of an unreacted content in a chemical reaction apparatus for irradiating a content with microwaves, a chemical reaction apparatus includes: a horizontal flow-type reactor in which a liquid content horizontally flows with an unfilled space being provided thereabove; a microwave generator that generates microwaves; and a waveguide that transmits the microwaves generated by the microwave generator to the unfilled space in the reactor, wherein the inside of the reactor is partitioned into multiple chambers to by overflow-type partition plates and that allow the content to flow thereover and an underflow-type partition plate that allows the content to flow thereunder.

A fluid treatment apparatus is described for the treatment of a fluid substance having multiple component substances to control levels of one or more particular component substances. The apparatus has a reactor chamber; a fluid inlet adapted to provide fluid communication from an external supply of a fluid substance to be treated to said reactor chamber whereby said fluid substance may pass into and through said reactor chamber; a fluid outlet adapted to provide a fluid communication from said reactor chamber whereby said fluid substance may pass from said reactor chamber; at least one first electromagnetic radiation (EMR) waveguide, having at least one first waveguide input port operably coupled within said reactor chamber and adapted to couple electromagnetic radiation of a predetermined first wavelength to a fluid substance passing through said reactor chamber. A method for the treatment of a fluid substance is also described.

A system includes a first chamber, a second chamber, an ultraviolet light source and a microwave source. The first chamber includes an inlet. The second chamber is adjacent the first chamber and includes an outlet and a waveguide. The ultraviolet light source resides within the waveguide of the second chamber. Related apparatus, systems, techniques and articles are also described.

A plasma treatment apparatus which performs uniform plasma treatment on a liquid. A plasma treatment apparatus includes a coaxial waveguide having an inner conductor, a first outer conductor, and a second outer conductor; a microwave generation unit; an outside tube which is located on the outer side of the first outer conductor and the second outer conductor and which in cooperation with the first outer conductor and the second outer conductor forms a flow path through which a liquid flows; and a plasma generation region. A first protrusion of the first outer conductor and a second protrusion of the second outer conductor face each other in a non-contacting state. The plasma generation region is a region extending along a facing location where the first protrusion of the first outer conductor and the second protrusion of the second outer conductor face each other.

A chemical reaction method includes preparing a chemical reaction apparatus including a horizontal flow reactor partitioned into multiple chambers by multiple partition plates. A liquid content horizontally flows with an unfilled space provided thereabove. a microwave generator and a waveguide that transmits microwaves to the unfilled space are also included. The reactor is inclined such that, in each of the chambers, a weir height on an inlet side is higher than a weir height on an outlet side by at least an overflow depth at the partition plate on the outlet side. The content is flowed over each of the multiple partition plates inside the reactor. The content flowing inside the reactor is irradiated with microwaves. The inclination angle of the reactor is changed in each of the chambers so that a weir height on an inlet side is higher than a weir height on an outlet side.

A system includes a first chamber, a second chamber, an ultraviolet light source and a microwave source. The first chamber includes an inlet. The second chamber is adjacent the first chamber and includes an outlet and a waveguide. The ultraviolet light source resides within the waveguide of the second chamber. Related apparatus, systems, techniques and articles are also described.

The present invention relates to a single mode or single dominating mode microwave reactor, a single dominating mode microwave reactor system and a method of producing fuel, such as biofuel.