A flow reactor for photochemical reactions comprises an extended flow passage (20) surrounded by one or more flow passage walls (22), the flow passage having a length and a light diffusing rod (30) having a diameter of at least 500 m and a length, with at least a portion of the length of the rod (30) extending inside of and along the flow passage (20) for at least a portion of the length of the flow passage (20).

One embodiment of the present invention is a unique method for operating a fuel cell system. Another embodiment is a unique system for reforming a hydrocarbon fuel. Another embodiment is a unique fuel cell system. Other embodiments include apparatuses, systems, devices, hardware, methods, and combinations for fuel cell systems and steam reforming systems. Further embodiments, forms, features, aspects, benefits, and advantages of the present application will become apparent from the description and figures provided herewith.

A reactor system and a process for carrying out reverse water gas shift reaction of a feedstock comprising CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 to a first product gas comprising CO are provided, where a methanation reaction take place in parallel to the reverse water gas shift reaction, and where the heat for the endothermic reverse water gas shift reaction is provided by resistance heating.

A reactor system and a process for carrying out the ammonia cracking reaction of a feed gas comprising ammonia to hydrogen are provided, where the heat for the endothermic ammonia cracking reaction is provided by resistance heating.

A carrier gas supplied from a carrier gas source is injected from a carrier gas injection nozzle. Also, a fuel including a hydrocarbon-based liquid and supplied from a fuel source is supplied to a tip end of the carrier gas injection nozzle, whereby this fuel is atomized with the carrier gas injected from the carrier gas injection nozzle. Furthermore, an inlet of a reforming part that decomposes the atomized fuel and reforms the atomized fuel into a reducing gas including either or both of hydrogen and an oxygen-containing hydrocarbon is provided so as to face the carrier gas injection nozzle and the fuel supply nozzle, and a reducing gas supply nozzle that supplies the reducing gas discharged from an outlet of the reforming part is provided in an exhaust pipe.

A method is proposed for installing monoliths (2) each formed of a ceramic block having a multiplicity of mutually parallel channels wherethrough the reaction gas mixture of a heterogeneously catalyzed gas phase reaction can flow in a reactor (1) for conducting heterogeneously catalyzed gas phase reactions, wherein said monoliths (2) are stacked side by side and on top of each other in the reactor interior, wherein the monoliths are sealed off from each other and from the inner wall of said reactor (1) by mats (3) each comprising an intumescent mat which before installation in said reactor (1) were completely enveloped in a polymeric film, wherein the interior enclosed by the polymeric film and containing said mat (3) is evacuated and wherein the interior enclosed by the polymeric film and containing said mat (3) is devacuated after installation in said reactor (1).

A reactor system and a process for carrying out steam cracking of a feed gas comprising hydrocarbons is provided, i where the heat for the reaction is provided by resistance heating by means of electrical power, so that a product stream comprising at least one olefin compound is obtained.

The invention relates to a method for the production of nitric oxide from a gaseous reactant mixture containing oxygen and nitrogen in a reactor comprising a reaction zone (1) with a heat input device (2) and at least two regenerator zones (3, 4, 5, 6), each regenerator zone having a low temperature section on one end and a high temperature section at the other end of the regenerator zone, the high temperature sections being fluidically connected to the reaction zone (1), the method comprising the steps of: e) supplying heat through the heat input device (2) to the reaction zone (1) until a temperature of from 1500 C. to 2500 C. is reached in the reaction zone (1); f) passing the reactant mixture through a first regenerator zone (3) into the reaction zone (1) in which the reactant mixture reacts to form a product mixture, passing the product mixture from the reaction zone (1) through a second regenerator zone (4) and withdrawing at least part of the product mixture from the second regenerator zone (4); g) reversing the direction of flow and passing the reactant mixture through the second regenerator zone (4) into the reaction zone (1) in which the reactant mixture reacts to form a product mixture, passing the product mixture from the reaction zone (1) through the first regenerator zone (3) and withdrawing at least part of the product mixture from the first regenerator zone (3); and h) reversing the direction of flow and periodically repeating steps b) and c); wherein the high temperature sections of the regenerator zones (3, 4, 5, 6) comprise a plurality of channels with a hydraulic diameter of 0.5 mm to 5 mm each, the inner walls of which are made of oxide ceramics.

A structured catalyst for catalyzing an endothermic reaction of a feed gas to convert it to a product gas is provided.

Array including a first and a second monolith of a structured catalyst for carrying out an endothermic reaction of a feed gas, wherein: a) the first and second monolith include a macroscopic structure of a first and second electrically conductive material; b) each of said first and second monoliths has a number of flow channels formed therein for conveying feed gas through the monoliths; c) the array includes at least a first and a second conductor electrically connected to said first and second monoliths, respectively, and to an electrical power supply, d) the first and second monolith are electrically connected by a monolith bridge; e) the array is configured to direct an electrical current to run from the first conductor through the first monolith to a second end, then through the bridge, and then through the second monolith to the second conductor.