Provided is a catalyst structure which prevents an increase in pressure loss by a simple construction while the gas flow is efficiently stirred by a structure making contact between adjacent catalyst elements. The catalyst structure is provided with a first flat-plate part and a second flat-plate part which support, on surfaces thereof, a constituent having catalytic activity to an exhaust gas and face each other, and a stirring part which is provided in such a manner as to come into contact first with the first flat-plate part and the second flat-plate part in an extending manner from the first flat-plate part to the second flat-plate part at a prescribed angle with respect to the direction in which the exhaust gas flows.

A modular device for generating hydrogen gas from a hydrogen liquid carrier may include a housing; an inlet for receiving the hydrogen liquid carrier; and at least one cartridge arranged within the housing. The cartridge may include at least one catalyst configured to cause a release of hydrogen gas when exposed to the hydrogen liquid carrier. The modular device may include a gas outlet for expelling the hydrogen gas released in the modular device and a liquid outlet for expelling spent hydrogen liquid carrier.

Reactors are provided that can include a first set of fluid channels and a second set of fluid channels oriented in thermal contact with the first set of fluid channels where the channels of either one or both of the first of the set of fluid channels are non-linear. Reactor assemblies are also provided that can include a first set of fluid channels defining at least one non-linear channel having a positive function, and a second set of fluid channels defining at least another non-linear channel having a negative function in relation to the positive function of the one non-linear channel of the first set of fluid channels.

An apparatus includes an integrated heat exchanger and reactor module. The integrated heat exchanger and reactor module includes a heat exchanger channel, and a reactor channel which is thermally coupled to the heat exchanger channel. The reactor channel includes a layer of catalyst material that is configured to produce hydrogen by endothermic catalytic decomposition of ammonia, which flows through the reactor channel, using thermal energy that is absorbed by the reactor channel from the heat exchanger channel.

A highly compact heat integrated fuel processor, which can be used for the production of hydrogen from a fuel source, suitable to feed a fuel cell, is described. The fuel processor assembly comprises a catalytic reforming zone (29) and a catalytic combustion zone (28), separated by a wall (27). Catalyst able to induce the reforming reactions is placed in the reforming zone and catalyst able to induce the combustion reaction is placed in the combustion zone, both in the form of coating on a suitable structured substrate, in the form of a metal monolith. Fe—Cr—Al—Y steel foils, in corrugated form so as to enhance the available area for reaction, can be used as suitable substrates. The reforming and the combustion zones can be either in rectangular shape, forming a stack with alternating combustion/reforming zones or in cylindrical shape forming annular sections with alternating combustion/reforming zones, in close contact to each other. The close placement of the combustion and reforming catalyst facilitate efficient heat transfer through the wall which separates the reforming and combustion chambers.

A high-temperature flow-splitting component, applicable to a temperature range from a first temperature to a second temperature, includes an entrance channel, at least one primary channel and at least one subordinate channel. The entrance channel is used for introducing a fluid at a total flow rate. The at least one primary channel for introducing the fluid from the entrance channel at a first flow rate is connected with the entrance channel by a first angle ranging from 90°˜270°. The at least one subordinate channel for introducing the fluid from the entrance channel at a second flow rate is connected with the at least one primary channel by a second angle ranging from 30°˜150°. A sum of the first flow rate and the second flow rate is equal to the total flow rate.

What is described is an apparatus comprising a reactor for dehydrogenating a hydrogen-enriched liquid hydrogen carrier, wherein the reactor comprises at least one hydrogen carrier inlet for the entry of the hydrogen-enriched liquid hydrogen carrier, at least one reactor chamber for at least partial separation of gaseous hydrogen from the hydrogen carrier and for conversion of the hydrogen carrier into an at least partially dehydrogenated state, at least one hydrogen carrier outlet for release of the hydrogen carrier in an at least partially dehydrogenated state, at least one hydrogen outlet for release of the hydrogen separated from the hydrogen carrier, at least one first plate-shaped element and at least one second plate-shaped element, wherein at least one section of the at least one reactor chamber is disposed between the first plate-shaped element and the second plate-shaped element. The invention has this special feature that the at least one first plate-shaped element includes at least one arrangement of a first section and of a second section spaced apart from the first section in a direction transverse to a plane substantially defined by the first plate-shaped element, and the first section of the first plate-shaped element is joined with sealing to the at least one second plate-shaped element so that a first section of the reaction chamber is formed between the second section of the first plate-shaped element and the second plate-shaped element.

A modular device for generating hydrogen gas from a hydrogen liquid carrier may include a housing; an inlet for receiving the hydrogen liquid carrier; and at least one cartridge arranged within the housing. The cartridge may include at least one catalyst configured to cause a release of hydrogen gas when exposed to the hydrogen liquid carrier. The modular device may include a gas outlet for expelling the hydrogen gas released in the modular device and a liquid outlet for expelling spent hydrogen liquid carrier.

In a reactor, a first reference position is presumed to be defined by a straight line in contact with a first open end of the introduction port on the side bent toward the second flow channel and extending in the direction intersecting with the second flow channels, and a second reference position is presumed to be defined by a straight line in contact with a second open end of the introduction port on the opposite side of the first open end and extending in the direction intersecting with the second flow channel. At least part of the catalyst body is provided at least either in a region defined between the first reference position and the second reference position, or in a region defined between the second reference position and an inlet position of the first flow channels.

A dehydrogenation chemical reactor includes: a housing; a catalyst part made of a thermally conductive material and disposed in the housing, where the catalyst part has a panel shape, and a catalyst is coated on a surface of the catalyst part to separate hydrogen from an organic hydrogen carrier; a heat transfer pipe which is installed to contact the catalyst part, and conducts latent heat to the catalyst part while pressurized and saturated fluid is supplied therein; and an organic hydrogen carrier line which is connected to the housing to form a passage in which the organic hydrogen carrier is introduced into the housing, contacts the catalyst part to separate hydrogen, and then is discharged.