A catalytic reactor is provided comprising a plurality of first flow channels including a catalyst for a first reaction; a plurality of second flow channels arranged alternately with the first flow channels; adjacent first and second flow channels being separated by a divider plate (13a, 13b), and a distributed temperature sensor such as an optical fiber cable (19). The distributed temperature sensor may be located within the divider plate, or within one or 10 more of the flow channels.

A multi-channel upright reformer for a fuel cell is provided, which has a simple structure by breaking from an existing complicated channel structure to allow fluids such as fuel and vapor to be stably flow, thereby improving durability and achieving an efficient reforming reaction and an efficient operation of the fuel cell. A method for manufacturing compactly a reformer by minimizing an area where heat exchange is performed and expand of a fuel cell due to the resulting decrease in manufacturing cost. Also a reformer for semipermanently using by frequently exchanging a catalyst used in a reforming reaction and supply the reformer at a low price by significantly decreasing cost consumed for the catalyst is provided.

The invention relates to a micro-reactor for carrying out at least one catalytic reaction between two or more reactants in each case, comprising a stacking sequence of reaction surfaces (1) for carrying out at least one exothermic reaction, and a cooling region (6) divided at least into individual fields (6) with feed and discharge devices for the coolant.

A combined reformer and purifier for converting a hydrogen-rich feedstock into purified hydrogen is described. The combined reformer and purifier can include at least one compression plate as an assembly comprising at least one first cavity comprising a catalyst effective to liberate hydrogen from said hydrogen-rich feedstock and forming a hydrogen-rich mixed gas. The compression plate assembly can also include at least one second cavity enclosing a burner or oxidative catalytic reactor to oxidize said hydrogen-depleted raffinate or said hydrogen-rich feedstock to supply heat to the at least one first cavity containing said catalyst. The compression plate assembly can also include an interior surface proximal to said membrane and an exterior surface distal to said membrane. The compression plate assembly can also include a third cavity effective to preheat said hydrogen-rich feedstock prior to being delivered to said catalyst.

A reactor for hydrocarbon production that separates wax reaction products from lightweight gaseous reaction products. The reactor has a housing, a catalyst bed, a product recovery zone, and a stripping zone. The catalyst bed can be provided in multi-tubular and other fixed bed configurations. The stripping zone receives light-weight gas reaction products from the product recovery zone, while a gas outlet of the housing receives non-lightweight gaseous hydrocarbon reaction products from the product recovery zone. A wax outlet of the housing receives wax products from the product recovery zone.

The invention relates to a micro-reactor for carrying out at least one catalytic reaction between two or more reactants in each case, comprising a stacking sequence of reaction surfaces (1) for carrying out at least one exothermic reaction, and a cooling region (6) divided at least into individual fields (6) with feed and discharge devices for the coolant.

Horizontal reactor (1) for catalytic reactions, comprising an outer cylindrical shell (2), a catalytic bed (5) and heat exchange plates (6) immersed in said catalytic bed, parallel to each other and supplied with a heat exchange fluid; said reactor comprises a container (7) for said catalytic bed (5) and said plates (6), said container is extractable slidably from said shell, by means of at least one linear guide (31, 32, 45) extended longitudinally with respect to said shell (2).

A reactor device for the release of a gas from a starting material includes a reactor housing having a longitudinal axis and at least one single reactor arranged in the reactor housing, the single reactor including a base plate oriented transversely to the longitudinal axis, a starting material flow channel defining a starting material flow direction, a catalyst arranged in the starting material flow channel, a heating unit for heating the catalyst and/or the starting material and a gas collection chamber arranged above the starting material flow channel for collecting the gas released from the starting material.

A reformer includes a reforming chamber having a raw fuel passage through which a raw fuel flows, the reforming chamber being filled with or carrying a reforming catalyst, a supply chamber disposed upstream of the reforming chamber, for uniformly supplying the raw fuel to the raw fuel passage, and a discharge chamber disposed downstream of the reforming chamber, for uniformly discharging the raw fuel from the raw fuel passage. The raw fuel passage has first and second reversers for reversing the direction in which the raw fuel flows. The raw fuel passage has a cross-sectional area which is smaller in a downstream portion thereof than in an upstream portion thereof.

Methods, systems and apparatuses are disclosed for a Fischer-Tropsch (FT) operation including a first FT stage comprising at least one FT reactor having a first FT catalyst and a first heat transfer surface area to catalyst volume configured to receive a first feed comprising synthesis gas and to convert a first portion of the synthesis gas in the first feed into first FT products. The disclosure also provides for a separation apparatus configured to separate the first FT products into first liquid FT hydrocarbons and first FT tail gas comprising unreacted syngas and for a second FT stage comprising at least one second FT reactor, having a second FT catalyst and a second heat transfer surface area to catalyst volume different from the first heat transfer surface area to catalyst volume, and configured to receive a second feed comprising the first FT tail gas and to convert at least a portion of the second feed into a second FT products.