Identifying object characteristic based on a contrast ratio of an amount of light reflected or absorbed by the object. Part of the object is illuminated, where the object is a material that absorbs or reflects light emitted by the light source. An amount of light absorbed/reflected by the object is measured. A contrast ratio of the absorbed/reflected light is determined by comparing an amount of light absorbed/reflected by the object to a default absorption or reflection value to obtain a difference between the amount of light absorbed/reflected by the object and the default absorption/reflection value. A characteristic of the object is determined based on the contrast ratio. The wavelength of the light from the light source can be substantially the same as the wavelength of the energy used to form the object by a welding process that uses energy to join at least two parts together to form the object.

Identifying object characteristic based on a contrast ratio of an amount of light reflected or absorbed by the object. Part of the object is illuminated, where the object is a material that absorbs or reflects light emitted by the light source. An amount of light absorbed/reflected by the object is measured. A contrast ratio of the absorbed/reflected light is determined by comparing an amount of light absorbed/reflected by the object to a default absorption or reflection value to obtain a difference between the amount of light absorbed/reflected by the object and the default absorption/reflection value. A characteristic of the object is determined based on the contrast ratio. The wavelength of the light from the light source can be substantially the same as the wavelength of the energy used to form the object by a welding process that uses energy to join at least two parts together to form the object.

A manufacturing method for a liquid flow-path member including a flow path between a first substrate and a second substrate layered together, the method including a welding step for welding the first substrate and the second substrate together, in which in the method, the first substrate is formed of a material that blocks ultraviolet light and absorbs laser light, the second substrate is formed of a material that blocks ultraviolet light and transmits laser light, and in which the welding step includes melting, with laser light passing through the second member, a joint surface where the first member and the second member are joined to weld the first member and the second member together.

The invention relates to a method for laser beam plastic welding, having the following steps: arranging a first mold part which substantially absorbs laser radiation on a receiving area, irradiating the first mold part using an electromagnetic radiation source, detecting the heat of the first mold part by means of a detector, generating an absorption profile of the first mold part, arranging a second mold part which is substantially transparent to laser radiation on the first mold part, and irradiating the two mold parts along the contour of a welding seam to be produced using a machining laser such that the energy input produced by the machining laser is controlled by a controller on the basis of the generated absorption profile of the first mold part.

A protrusion on a first member made of synthetic resin wherein a laser beam is applied to a side surface of the protrusion in a state in which a top surface of the protrusion of the first member is abutted against a second member made of synthetic resin, so as to melt at least the entire top surface of the protrusion and melt a portion of the second member in contact with the protrusion by heat of the melted top surface of the protrusion, followed by solidification of the melted portions, whereby the first member and the second member are welded together.

Provided is a cladding composition which contains metal powder, a binder, and an organic solvent in a case of bonding a metal base material and a resin member to each other. Further, provided is a method for producing a metal/resin bonded member, including a step of coating at least a portion of a metal base material with the cladding composition; a step of irradiating the coated portion of the metal base material which has been coated with the cladding composition, with a laser; a step of disposing the resin member on the laser irradiation portion of the metal base material; and a step of heating an interface between the laser irradiation portion and the resin member so that the metal base material and the resin member are bonded to each other.

A method for manufacturing a check valve unit as a liquid flow path member, in which the liquid flow path member includes, in a flow path direction of ink, a first flow path member constituting one side of a flow path, a second flow path member constituting another side of the flow path, and a check valve including a valve body configured to stop a backflow of the ink in the flow path and a check valve holding member configured to hold the valve body, the method includes a welding step for welding the first flow path member or the second flow path member, and the check valve holding member together, and also welding the first flow path member and the second flow path member together.

Provided is a laser welded body which can be integrated through a laser-welding step without undergoing complicated steps even through use of the same or difference resin members each other, which has excellent welding strength between the resin members, which maintains the characteristics of a resin contained in the resin member and which exhibits the high welding strength by improving meltability of the resin members yet under a laser-welding condition of a medium and high scan speed.

A laser welded body comprises a resin member(s) which contains a thermoplastic resin and nigrosine sulfate having a sulfate ion concentration of 0.3 to 5.0% by mass and has an absorbance a of 0.09 to 0.9, an adjoined part where the resin member(s) is overlapped and/or butted, and at least a part of the adjoined part is laser-welded.

The invention relates to a device comprising a first fixing element, a further fixing element and a folded planar composite; wherein the first fixing element comprises a first fixing surface and the further fixing element comprises a further fixing surface; wherein the folded planar composite is at least partially fixed between the first fixing surface and the further fixing surface; wherein the folded planar composite comprises a first composite region; wherein the first composite region comprises a first layer sequence comprising a first composite layer comprising a first carrier layer, a second composite layer comprising a second carrier layer, a third composite layer comprising a third carrier layer and a fourth composite layer comprising a fourth carrier layer; wherein in the first composite region the second composite layer is joined to the third composite layer and the third composite layer is joined to the fourth composite layer; wherein in the first composite region the third carrier layer is characterised by a smaller layer thickness than in each case one selected from the group consisting of the first carrier layer, the second carrier layer and the fourth carrier layer or a combination of at least two of these; wherein the first fixing surface or the further fixing surface or both comprises a recess comprising a first recess region; wherein the first composite region is located at least partially between the first recess region and the first fixing surface or the further fixing surface.

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a pressurizable cylindrical vessel for use in a pressure control system for maintaining a constant predetermined pressure in a fluid container configured to dispense when in use a fluid contained in said fluid container at said constant predetermined pressure, characterized in that the manufacturing is by injection moulding. The invention also relates to a method for assembling a pressurizable fluid container configured to dispense when in use a fluid contained in said container at a constant predetermined pressure. In addition, the invention relates to a pressurizable cylindrical vessel, a pressurizable unit, a pressure control system, a bottom plate and a dispenser; as well as their methods of manufacturing. In a final aspect the invention relates to uses of said parts in a bag-on-valve type packaging or metal can type packaging.