A laminated glazing includes a first sheet of a colored glass and a second sheet of a clear glass which are joined together by a lamination interlayer, the first sheet having a thickness el ranging from 1.5 to 2.5 mm, the second sheet having a thickness e2 ranging from 0.4 to 1.9 mm, the ratio R=e2/e1.sup.2 being at most 0.40 mm.sup.1, the glazing having a light transmission of at least 70% and a direct solar transmission of at most 55%, the colored glass having a chemical composition including a weight content of total iron, expressed in the form Fe.sub.2O.sub.3, ranging from 1.1 to 2.0%, with a redox ratio, defined as the ratio between the weight content of ferrous iron, expressed in the form FeO, and the weight content of total iron, expressed in the form Fe.sub.2O.sub.3, ranging from 0.23 to 0.32.

The use of camera-based safety systems is growing at a rapid rate in automobiles where they are used to provide lane departure warning, collision avoidance, adaptive cruise control and other functions. As the industry moves towards full autonomous capability, the number of cameras and the resolution are increasing. For proper operation, the cameras require a clear undistorted field of view. Keeping the camera area free of snow and ice has been a problem. A resistive heating circuit is typically used to keep the area clear. For rapid clearing the circuit needs to operate at a high-power level. Due to the temperature dependent index of refraction of the plastic interlayer, severe distortion can result from the non-isothermal heating resulting from the spacing of the circuit elements. The laminate of the invention reduces distortion by removing the interlayer in the camera field of view and replacing with a plastic having a more temperature stable index of refraction.

Embodiments of a laminate including a first curved glass substrate comprising a first viscosity (poises) at a temperature of 630 C.; a second curved glass substrate comprising a second viscosity that is greater than the first viscosity at a temperature of 630 C.; and an interlayer disposed between the first curved glass substrate and the second curved glass substrate, are disclosed. In one or more embodiments, the first curved glass substrate exhibits a first sag depth that is within 10% of a second sag depth of the second curved glass substrate. In one or more embodiments, the first glass substrate and the second glass substrate exhibit a shape deviation therebetween of about 5 mm or less as measured by an optical three-dimensional scanner or exhibit minimal optical distortion. Embodiments of vehicles including such laminates and methods for making such laminates are also disclosed.

The use of camera-based safety systems is growing at a rapid rate in automobiles where they provide lane departure warning, collision avoidance, adaptive cruise control and other functions. For proper operation, the cameras require a clear undistorted field of view. Keeping the camera area free of snow and ice has been a problem. The lines widths of printed silver frit defroster circuits can interfere with the camera function. Transparent conductive solar control coatings and films can be used but they often result is a poor red ratio. Thin embedded wire defrosters are invisible for all practical purposes but are expensive and difficult to connect electrically. The invention provides an invisible defroster circuit that can be inexpensively produced by applying the circuit to the inside surface of glass rather than imbedding within the laminate.

Provided is an interlayer film for laminated glass that is excellent in unity of appearance. An interlayer film for laminated glass according to the present invention has a first colored part including a part located on one end side of the interlayer film, and a second colored part including a part located on the other end side of the interlayer film, the first colored part has a first gradation part where visible light transmittance increases from the one end side toward the other end side of the interlayer film, the first gradation part forms a tip of the first colored part on the other end side of the interlayer film, the second colored part has a second gradation part where visible light transmittance increases from the other end side toward the one end side of the interlayer film, the second gradation part forms a tip of the second colored part on the one end side of the interlayer film, and the first gradation part and the second gradation part exist in a specific positional relationship.

A composite pane includes an outer pane having an exterior-side surface and an interior-side surface, an inner pane having an exterior-side surface and an interior-side surface, and a thermoplastic intermediate layer, which joins the interior-side surface of the outer pane to the exterior-side surface of the inner pane. The composite pane has a sun shading coating between the outer and inner panes. The sun shading coating includes, starting from the inner pane toward the outer pane, a layer sequence first dielectric module, first silver layer Ag1, second dielectric module, second silver layer Ag2, third dielectric module, third silver layer Ag3, fourth dielectric module, wherein the silver layers have, relative to one another, a geometrical layer thickness of Ag2>Ag1>Ag3, and the silver layers of the sun shading coating have a relative geometrical layer thickness of 1.0<Ag1/Ag3 and 1.2<Ag2/Ag3<2.

A facade element includes a coloring transparent or semi-transparent first pane and a mechanically supporting transparent second pane firmly connected to one another by an intermediate layer. The first pane has a front surface arranged on the light incidence side and an opposite back surface, at least one surface of the front and back surfaces has at least one structured region, and at least one optical interference layer is arranged on the at least one surface for reflecting light within a predetermined wavelength range. The structured region has the following features: perpendicular to the plane of the first pane, a height profile comprising peaks and valleys, wherein an average height difference between the peaks and valleys is at least 2 m, at least 50% of the structured region is composed of segments which are inclined with respect to the plane of the first pane (2).

Provided is a thermoplastic resin film with which a glass plate-including laminate that looks different in color tone depending on the direction or angle can be obtained. A thermoplastic resin film according to the present invention includes a thermoplastic resin and a pigment, and when the thermoplastic resin film is planarly viewed with a transmission electron microscope, a number of pigments having an aspect ratio of 3 or more and 50 or less is 3 or more and 100 or less in a rectangular region of 13 m long and 18 m wide.

A composite film may include a first transparent substrate, a dielectric layer and at least two infra-red reflection stacks. The dielectric layer may be located between the at least two infra-red reflection stacks and each of the infra-red reflection stacks may include two titanium blocker layers and a functional layer. The functional layer in each infra-red reflection stack may include silver and may be located between the two blocker layers.

Laminated (and, in some cases, additionally etched) glazing units for cooperation with solar-energy systems during architectural integration thereof include an optically-transparent substrate in contact with an incident medium, on one side, and with a non-quarter-wave thin-film-stack based interference filter on another side, followed by an exit medium. Embodiments are practically applicable to conceal physical structures disposed behind them and characterized by IR-light transmittance that is enhanced (as compared with conventional glazing units based on quarter-wave thin-film-stacks and similarly utilized) to improve efficiency of a solar-energy system carrying at least a portion of such glazing unit on its front surface. Colour of reflected light perceived as a function of angle is sufficiently stabilized for practical applications. In specific cases, a solar-energy system is integrated inside or with such a glazing unit.