An element substrate, according to an embodiment of this present invention, capable of detecting the behavior of a liquid at a high sensitivity, comprises: a first electrothermal transducer configured to generate heat to discharge a liquid; at least one temperature detection element arranged near the first electrothermal transducer; and a second electrothermal transducer configured to generate heat in association with a temperature detection operation by the at least one temperature detection element.

A liquid ejection head and its manufacturing method are capable of reducing the thickness of a protective layer as compared to the traditional technique so as to efficiently transfer the heat energy generated by a heating resistance element to a droplet of liquid such as ink. To achieve this, power supply wirings are provided in the same layer below the heating resistance element.

A liquid ejection head and its manufacturing method are capable of reducing the thickness of a protective layer as compared to the traditional technique so as to efficiently transfer the heat energy generated by a heating resistance element to a droplet of liquid such as ink. To achieve this, power supply wirings are provided in the same layer below the heating resistance element.

An aqueous ink for ink jet includes a coloring material, a solvent, and a surfactant having an HLB value of 9.0 or less. The solvent includes a solvent A having a solubility in water at 20 C. of 5.00 g/100 g-H.sub.2O or less and a solvent B other than the solvent A. The solvent A includes an alcohol having a vapor pressure at 20 C. of 0.5 mmHg or less and a surface tension of 30.0 mN/m or more. The content of the alcohol in the aqueous ink is 0.7 or more times the solubility in water at 20 C. in an equal amount to the aqueous ink. The solvent B has a partition coefficient (P.sub.B) satisfying the following equation (1).
1.44 Log P.sub.A0.1x3.4Log P.sub.B0.6(1)

An aqueous ink for ink jet includes a coloring material, a solvent, and a surfactant having an HLB value of 9.0 or less. The solvent includes a solvent A having a solubility in water at 20 C. of 5.00 g/100 g-H.sub.2O or less and a solvent B other than the solvent A. The solvent A includes an alcohol having a vapor pressure at 20 C. of 0.5 mmHg or less and a surface tension of 30.0 mN/m or more. The content of the alcohol in the aqueous ink is 0.7 or more times the solubility in water at 20 C. in an equal amount to the aqueous ink. The solvent B has a partition coefficient (P.sub.B) satisfying the following equation (1).
1.44 Log P.sub.A0.1x3.4Log P.sub.B0.6(1)

A method is provided which enables the printing of a desired design on a flag or other textile material having a previously existing design thereon or that which does not. Providing a textile material, such as a flag; treating the textile material by removing any excess thread and hemming; preparing at least one printing paste; printing the printing paste on the textile material in a desired design through digital printing, screen printing, or heat transfer printing; and then fixing the desired design on the textile material, in accordance with embodiments of the method, may allow versatility and customization of flags and further allow consumers to personalize known flag designs.

A method is provided which enables the printing of a desired design on a flag or other textile material having a previously existing design thereon or that which does not. Providing a textile material, such as a flag; treating the textile material by removing any excess thread and hemming; preparing at least one printing paste; printing the printing paste on the textile material in a desired design through digital printing, screen printing, or heat transfer printing; and then fixing the desired design on the textile material, in accordance with embodiments of the method, may allow versatility and customization of flags and further allow consumers to personalize known flag designs.

A liquid discharge apparatus is provided that includes a transport unit configured to transport a medium, a discharge unit configured to discharge a liquid onto the medium, a housing including therein the discharge unit, a humidifying unit configured to humidify an interior of the housing, and a humidity detection unit configured to detect a humidity. When the humidity detection unit detected a humidity less than a lower limit value (one example of a first predetermined value) (positive determination in step S12), the interior of the housing is humidified by the humidifying unit during transport by the transport unit or during discharge by the discharge unit (step S16).

A liquid discharge apparatus is provided that includes a transport unit configured to transport a medium, a discharge unit configured to discharge a liquid onto the medium, a housing including therein the discharge unit, a humidifying unit configured to humidify an interior of the housing, and a humidity detection unit configured to detect a humidity. When the humidity detection unit detected a humidity less than a lower limit value (one example of a first predetermined value) (positive determination in step S12), the interior of the housing is humidified by the humidifying unit during transport by the transport unit or during discharge by the discharge unit (step S16).

Provided is an inkjet recording device including: an inkjet head; an ink storage; a flow passage; a negative pressure generator; a heater; a wiper; and a hardware processor, in which in a case in which the ink inside the ink filled region is a solid, the hardware processor performs heating control including control of generating a negative pressure in the ink storage, and control of heating the ink in the ink filled region in a state in which the negative pressure is generated to change the phase of the ink from a solid to a liquid, and in a case in which the negative pressure in the ink storage acts on the ink in the nozzle by the heating control, the hardware processor initiates wiping control of performing the wiping operation and performs the wiping control in combination with the heating control.