A piezoelectric device includes a diaphragm, a piezoelectric actuator, and an orientation layer between the diaphragm and the piezoelectric layer. The piezoelectric actuator has a first electrode, a piezoelectric layer, and a second electrode, with the first electrode, a piezoelectric layer, and a second electrode on the diaphragm. The orientation layer is a stack of two or more tiers.

A method for forming piezoelectric transducers for inkjet printheads includes: forming at least one piezoelectric layer on a substrate; forming at least one electrode pattern by depositing a conductive material on an exposed surface of the at least one piezoelectric layer; and forming a plurality of individual piezoelectric elements from the at least one piezoelectric layer before or after the forming of the at least one electrode pattern.

A joining method includes a process of applying a joining material including a thermosetting resin to a member. The joining material includes an addition-type silicone resin. The joining material includes one or more kinds selected from the group consisting of a methyl-based straight silicone resin, a phenyl-based silicone resin, and a modified silicone resin.

A nozzle plate includes a nozzle base member including a plurality of nozzle holes formed therethrough, the plurality of nozzle holes serving as nozzles that discharge droplets; and a liquid-repellent film of a liquid-repellent material formed on a droplet discharge surface of the nozzle base member, the liquid-repellent material containing a liquid-repellent group. Each of the plurality of nozzle holes includes a straight hole part, the straight hole part extending from the droplet discharge surface of the nozzle base member and having a constant diameter in a thickness direction of the nozzle base member. The liquid-repellent group contained in the liquid-repellent material is attached to an inner nozzle wall of the straight hole part. When the nozzle hole is supplied with pure water, a meniscus of the pure water stays in the straight hole part.

A droplet generator for a continuous stream ink jet printhead includes an elongate cavity for containing ink and nozzle orifices in fluid communication with the cavity for passing the ink from the cavity to form jets. The nozzle orifices extend along a length of the cavity. A mounting plate provides a wall of the cavity opposite the nozzle orifices. A plurality of actuators is disposed in the cavity to vibrate the ink in the cavity such that each jet breaks up into ink droplets at substantially a same predetermined distance from the wall. Each of the plurality of actuators is integrally connected to the mounting plate by a membrane.

A piezoelectric device includes a diaphragm, a piezoelectric actuator, and an orientation layer between the diaphragm and the piezoelectric layer. The piezoelectric actuator has a first electrode, a piezoelectric layer, and a second electrode, with the first electrode, a piezoelectric layer, and a second electrode on the diaphragm. The orientation layer is a stack of two or more tiers.

A liquid discharging apparatus includes: a nozzle surface having a nozzle; a pressure chamber communicating with the nozzle and configured to store liquid; a piezoelectric body configured to apply pressure to the liquid inside the pressure chamber; a supply manifold configured to supply the liquid to the pressure chamber; a return manifold arranged to overlap with the supply manifold and configured to allow the liquid, which is not discharged from the nozzle, to flow therethrough; a pair of elastically deformable portions provided between the supply manifold and the return manifold; a damper space formed between the elastically deformable portions; and a shielding plate configured to separate the damper space into a first damper space and a second damper space, wherein Young's modulus of the shielding plate is greater than Young's modulus of each of the elastically deformable portions.

A liquid discharge head configured to discharge a liquid, the liquid discharge head includes a thin film member including a first layer, a second layer bonded with the first layer, and a through hole penetrating through the first layer and the second layer. The through hole includes the first opening in the first layer and the second opening in the second layer.

A liquid ejection recording element unit includes: a first substrate provided with a first partition wall that demarcates a first flow channel including an ejection port of a liquid, and an energy generating portion that generates energy for ejecting the liquid from the first flow channel; and a second substrate provided with a second partition wall that demarcates a second flow channel including a supply port of the liquid, the second substrate being stacked on the first substrate, so that the second flow channel communicates with the first flow channel. The first partition wall and the second partition wall are contiguous across a predetermined gap, in the stacking direction of the first substrate and the second substrate. A hydraulic diameter of the gap is smaller than a hydraulic diameter of a smallest flow channel portion having a minimum flow channel cross-sectional area in the first flow channel.

A piezoelectric device includes a substrate, a diaphragm; and a piezoelectric actuator, in which the substrate, the diaphragm, and the piezoelectric actuator are laminated in this order in a first direction, the diaphragm includes a first layer containing silicon as a constituent element, a third layer disposed between the first layer and the piezoelectric actuator and containing zirconium as a constituent element, and a second layer disposed between the first layer and the third layer and containing at least one impurity element selected from the group consisting of a metal, a metalloid, and a semiconductor other than silicon and zirconium, as a constituent element, and the impurity element diffuses into the third layer.