An estimation system includes: a first sensor that can be disposed between a wheel and a tire mounted on the wheel and outputs a first sensor signal in accordance with a pressing force applied by the wheel and the tire; and a processor that estimates a state of a rotating body including the wheel and the tire based on the first sensor signal. The processor generates a first section signal by dividing the first sensor signal by a specific section and estimates the state of the rotating body based on the first section signal.

Systems for detection of tire strain in a vehicle are disclosed. In some implementations, the system may include an antennae disposed on one or more of the vehicle or a vehicle component and may output an electromagnetic ping. The system may include a tire with a body formed of one or more tire plies. Any one or more of the tire plies may include split-ring resonators (SRRs). Each SRR may have a natural resonance frequency that may proportionately shift in response to a change in an elastomeric property of a respective one or more tire plies, the elastomeric property including one or more of a reversible deformation, stress, or strain. The SRRs may include split-ring resonator (SRR) with carbon particles that may uniquely resonate in response to an electromagnetic ping based at least in part on a concentration level of the carbon particles within the SRR.

A device for measuring and/or monitoring tire-related variables of a vehicle, having a sensor unit for transmitting, receiving and processing signals, wherein a transmission signal is emitted by an antenna unit of the sensor unit in the direction of an object being measured and wherein a reflection signal reflected by the object being measured is received and analysed, the sensor unit having a transceiver device, via by means of which a reflection factor, formed as the quotient from the reflection signal reflected by the object being measured and the transmission signal, is measured and via which a resonance frequency and/or a phase difference between the transmission signal and the reflection signal is determined, wherein the transceiver unit comprises a vector network analyser and an analysis unit, so that a distance to the object being measured is established by detecting the phase difference between the transmission signal and the reflection signal.

A method for initialising a tyre monitoring device including a wireless communication interface and tyre monitoring devices and systems using the method are disclosed. The method includes operating the tyre monitoring device in a first mode, in the first mode the tyre monitoring device is only responsive to an initialisation instruction received over the wireless communication interface from the second device; receiving an initialisation instruction over the wireless communication interface while operating in the first mode; and, responsive to the initialisation instruction, operating the tyre monitoring device in a second mode in which the tyre monitoring device is responsive to instructions received over the wireless communication interface. The first mode draws lower power than the second mode so power draw prior to initialisation, for example while storage awaiting use, is reduced.

A disclosed component may include at least one split-ring resonator, which may be embedded within a material. The split ring resonator may be formed from a three-dimensional (3D) monolithic carbonaceous growth and may detect an electromagnetic ping emitted from a user device. The split ring resonator may generate an electromagnetic return signal in response to the electromagnetic ping. The electromagnetic return signal may indicate a state of the material in a position proximate to a respective split ring resonator. In some aspects, the split-ring resonator may resonate at a first frequency in response to the electromagnetic ping when the material is in a first state, and may resonate at a second frequency in response to the electromagnetic ping when the material is in a second state. A resonant frequency of the 3D monolithic carbonaceous growth may be based on physical characteristics of the material.

A measurement device for measuring the pressure of a wheel (3) of a vehicle, the measurement device comprising a stationary portion (5) and a movable portion (14) for being driven in rotation by the wheel, the stationary portion including a first printed circuit (7) having at least one first track formed thereon defining a first winding, the movable portion including a second printed circuit (16) having at least one second track formed thereon defining a second winding, the second printed circuit being arranged to be connected to a pressure sensor (15), the first winding and the second winding being coupled together to form a wireless communication channel, the measurement device being arranged in such a manner that the pressure sensor is electrically powered by the stationary portion via the wireless communication channel, and in such a manner that uplink data comprising pressure measurement data is transmitted to the stationary portion (5) by the movable portion (14) via the wireless communication channel.

Systems for detection of tire strain in a vehicle are disclosed. In some implementations, the system may include an antennae disposed on one or more of the vehicle or a vehicle component and may output an electromagnetic ping. The system may include a tire with a body formed of one or more tire plies. Any one or more of the tire plies may include split-ring resonators (SRRs). Each SRR may have a natural resonance frequency that may proportionately shift in response to a change in an elastomeric property of a respective one or more tire plies, the elastomeric property including one or more of a reversible deformation, stress, or strain. The SRRs may include split-ring resonator (SRR) with carbon particles that may uniquely resonate in response to an electromagnetic ping based at least in part on a concentration level of the carbon particles within the SRR.

A disclosed vehicle component may include at least one split-ring resonator, which may be embedded within a material. The split ring resonator may be formed from a three-dimensional (3D) monolithic carbonaceous growth and may detect an electromagnetic ping emitted from a user device. The split ring resonator may generate an electromagnetic return signal in response to the electromagnetic ping. The electromagnetic return signal may indicate a state of the material in a position proximate to a respective split ring resonator. In some aspects, the split-ring resonator may resonate at a first frequency in response to the electromagnetic ping when the material is in a first state, and may resonate at a second frequency in response to the electromagnetic ping when the material is in a second state. A resonant frequency of the 3D monolithic carbonaceous growth may be based on physical characteristics of the material.

A device for measuring a liquid level inside a tire that include two electrodes that are designed to be positioned inside the tire in such a way that they can be immersed inside the liquid that the tire may contain, and an electric circuit that is electrically connected to these electrodes. The device is designed to measure an electric property of the liquid between the electrodes while the intensity of the electric property depends on the liquid level inside the tire. The electric circuit is designed to output an electric value for the measured electric property as an output signal that can be used to calculate the level of the liquid inside the tire.

This disclosure provides a tire formed of a body having multiple plies and a tread that surrounds the body. The plies and/or the treads and/or other surfaces of the tire include one or more resonators that respond to being interrogated by an externally generated excitation signal. Multiple resonators formed of electrically-conducting materials are disposed (e.g., printed) on the plies and/or tread and/or other surfaces of the tire. Each of a group of multiple resonators can be individually configured to respond to different frequencies of the excitation signal such that the presence of a response (e.g., a measured attenuation of the excitation signal return) or lack of response (e.g., based on comparison of the excitation signal return to calibration curves) from individual ones of the multiple resonators can be combined to form a serial number that is unique to the tire or other elastomer-containing component (e.g., belts, hoses, etc.) being interrogated.