A method and a device for cleaning espresso machines, wherein the device (10) comprises at least one annular or hollow-cylindrical bristle carrier element, wherein at least one groove-bristle element (18) for cleaning a portafilter groove (66) is arranged on an end face or lateral surface of the bristle carrier element, wherein the at least one groove-bristle element (18) projects from the end face or lateral surface, wherein at least a partial section of the at least one groove-bristle element (18) projects in the radial direction, and/or at least a partial section of the groove-bristle element (18) is concavely curved and/or in that at least one bristle element (17) is arranged on an inner lateral surface of the annular or hollow-cylindrical bristle carrier element.

The braking device is provided with an electromagnetic valve, which is an example of a device to be controlled, and a valve control unit for driving the electromagnetic valve by means of PWM control. When driving the electromagnetic valve by inputting a drive signal to the electromagnetic valve, the valve control unit changes the frequency of the drive signal within a frequency range. Note that the width of the frequency range is set on the basis of the minimum audible field among equal-loudness contours.

A brake system for selectively actuating at least one of a pair of front wheel brakes and a pair of rear wheel brakes of a vehicle, one of which is hydraulically actuated and the other of which is electrically actuated, includes a reservoir. First and second integrated control units are in fluid communication with the reservoir and respective ones of the hydraulically actuated wheel brakes. The first and second integrated control units have first and second power transmission units connected to first and second electronic control unit, respectively. Each electronic control unit is configured to control a corresponding power transmission unit and a selected one of the electrically actuated wheel brakes on a contralateral side of the vehicle from the selected one of the hydraulically actuated wheel brakes which is actuated by the power transmission unit.

A transportation vehicle with a brake system designed for rapid deceleration of a moving vehicle, which enhances the effectiveness of vehicular braking in emergency situations, and increases the safety of automobile traffic on roads, which results in greater road-traffic safety due to enhanced reliability and higher effectiveness of braking under emergency situations.

A vehicular hydraulic brake system having a master brake cylinder with a hydraulic reservoir supplying a brake fluid, a control foot pedal and a vacuum booster connected to an operating brake cylinder of each wheel. The brake system has emergency braking assemblies mounted before the operating brake cylinders of at least rear wheels. The emergency braking assembly includes an electric mechanism operating in a reciprocating manner and has a rod attached to a piston of a hydraulic cylinder. An inlet hole of the hydraulic cylinder is connected to a pipeline in communication with the master braking cylinder. An outlet hole of the hydraulic cylinder is in communication with the operating brake cylinder. A top portion of the hydraulic cylinder has a compensation port in the close proximity to the electric mechanism, said compensation port being connected to the pipeline in communication with the master braking cylinder. A bottom portion of the hydraulic cylinder of the emergency braking assembly is disposed not lower than a top level of the operating brake cylinder.

A vehicle braking system includes a wheel cylinder, a brake pedal, a master cylinder, a master cylinder circuit, a primary braking unit operable to generate a braking force at the wheel cylinder in a primary mode, decoupled from the master cylinder circuit, a secondary braking unit including a second electrically-actuated pressure generating unit and operable to generate a braking force at the wheel cylinder in a secondary mode of operation, a plurality of valves configured to provide anti-lock braking at the wheel cylinder upon loss of traction during braking in the primary mode of operation, and a controller programmed to actuate the plurality of valves and further programmed to actuate the second electrically-actuated pressure generating unit upon loss of traction in the primary mode of operation to generate pulsations within the master cylinder circuit to provide a feedback force at the brake pedal indicative of the anti-lock braking.

A method and a device for cleaning espresso machines, wherein the device (10) comprises at least one annular or hollow-cylindrical bristle carrier element, wherein at least one groove-bristle element (18) for cleaning a portafilter groove (66) is arranged on an end face or lateral surface of the bristle carrier element, wherein the at least one groove-bristle element (18) projects from the end face or lateral surface, wherein at least a partial section of the at least one groove-bristle element (18) projects in the radial direction, and/or at least a partial section of the groove-bristle element (18) is concavely curved and/or in that at least one bristle element (17) is arranged on an inner lateral surface of the annular or hollow-cylindrical bristle carrier element.

A vehicle braking device provided with a hydraulic circuit having a first system, a second system, and a connection flow channel connecting both systems. The vehicle braking device includes a fluid supply unit supplying fluid to the first system, a first braking unit, for applying a braking force to a first wheel by using the fluid flowing in the first system, a second braking unit, for applying a braking force to a second wheel by using the fluid flowing in the second system, a determination unit for determining whether the fluid is leaking from the second system, and a control unit for executing specific control for controlling the fluid supply unit so that an amount of fluid supplied to the first system is increased in response to determination by the determination unit that the fluid is leaking from the second system.

For operation of a hydraulic power vehicle braking system for autonomous driving, a brake pressure is generated using a second power brake pressure generator if, after a predefined first time span, no brake pressure or insufficient brake pressure has been generated using a first power brake pressure generator. The generation of the brake pressure using the second power brake pressure generator is aborted if, within a second time span, which is longer than the first time span, no error message is present from the first power brake pressure generator.

Provided is a vehicle brake control device which is capable of suitably executing brake assistance processing, even if a sensor for detecting the pressure inside a variable-pressure chamber of a vacuum booster is not provided. A brake device is provided with: a vacuum booster for assisting an operation force inputted to a brake pedal; a master cylinder which generates MC pressure Pmc corresponding to the assisted operation force; wheel cylinders which are provided to wheels, and in which WC pressure is increased as the MC pressure Pmc is increased; and a brake actuator capable of adjusting the WC pressure. When it is determined that emergency braking is requested, a control device of the brake device sets, as the assistance limit pressure, the MC pressure Pmc at that point in time, and operates the brake actuator, to execute brake assistance processing for assisting WC pressure increase.

A multiple-circuit, hydraulically open brake has two single-circuit pressure generators hydraulically connected in parallel between at least one fluid container and at least two wheel brakes and a modulation unit for individual brake pressure modulation in the at least two wheel brakes. A first pressure generator is assigned to a main system which has a first energy supply and a first evaluation and control unit, and a second single-circuit pressure generator is assigned to a secondary system, which has a second energy supply which is independent of the first energy supply, and a second evaluation and control unit. The second evaluation and control unit controls the second pressure generator. Components of the modulation unit are assigned to the main system so that the modulation unit and the first pressure generator are controlled by the first evaluation and control unit and supplied with energy by the first energy supply.