A composite catalyst for coal depolymerization, the catalyst includes an agent A and an agent B. The agent A includes an iron salt-based catalyst, and the agent B includes a metal salt-based catalyst different from the iron salt-based catalyst. The agent A and the agent B are alternately added during use.

Methods and catalysts for producing ethylene and methanol from natural gas are presented. Methods include integration of oxidative conversion of methane to ethane, ethane in situ thermal cracking using the thermal heat generated thereby and direct hydrogenation of byproducts to methanol or oxidative CO.sub.2 autothermal reforming of methane to syngas.

A process is described for increasing the hydrogen content of a synthesis gas mixture comprising hydrogen, carbon oxides and steam, comprising the steps of: passing the synthesis gas mixture at an inlet temperature in the range 170-500 C. over a water-gas shift catalyst to form a hydrogen-enriched shifted gas mixture, wherein the water-gas shift catalyst is in the form of a cylindrical pellet having a length C and diameter D, wherein the surface of the cylindrical pellet has two or more flutes running along its length, said cylinder having no through-holes and domed ends of lengths A and B such that (A+B+C)/D is in the range 0.25 to 0.25, and (A+B)/C is in the range 0.03 to 0.30.

The hydrogenation catalyst for heavy hydrocarbon oil includes: at least one of metals in Group 6 of the periodic table being held by a zinc-containing alumina carrier containing 1% by mass to 15% by mass of zinc oxide particles having an average particle diameter of 2 ?m to 12 ?m based on the carrier; the average pore diameter being 18 nm to 35 nm, and the specific surface area being 70 m.sup.2/g to 150 m.sup.2/g. Also, the hydrogenation method for heavy hydrocarbon oil, includes, a catalytic reaction of heavy hydrocarbon oil in the presence of the hydrogenation catalyst, under the conditions of a temperature of 300? C. to 420? C., a pressure of 3 MPa to 20 MPa, a hydrogen/oil ratio of 400 m.sup.3/m.sup.3 to 3,000 m.sup.3/m.sup.3, and a liquid space velocity of 0.1 h.sup.?1 to 3 h.sup.?1.

The present development is a catalyst composition, comprising zinc oxide nanowires having one or more catalytically-active metal particles attached to a surface of the zinc oxide nanowires. The catalytically-active metal particles are comprised of a metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, molybdenum, tungsten, copper, and platinum. The present development further discloses a method to prepare the catalyst composition, and use of the catalyst composition for desulfurization.

Copper-containing, multimetallic catalysts with either a zirconia or carbon support are described which have improved utility for the hydrogenolysis of a glycerol or glycerol-containing feedstock to provide a biobased 1,2-propanediol product. specially, improved carbon-supported examples of such catalysts are described for this reaction as well as for other processes wherein hydrogen is used, with methods for maintaining the activity of these catalysts. Related treatment methods in the preparation of these improved catalysts enable the use of carbons with a desired mechanical strength but which previously lacked activity, for example, for the conversion of a glycerol or glycerol-containing feed to produce 1,2-propanediol, so that copper-containing, multi-metallic catalysts may be employed for making a biobased propylene glycol using carbon supports that previously would have not been suitable.

Provided is a method for producing an unsaturated aldehyde and/or an unsaturated carboxylic acid, which enables one to achieve an operation stably over a long period of time while improving an effective yield, even in a high-load reaction, and in the method for producing an unsaturated aldehyde and/or an unsaturated carboxylic acid, multilayer filling of stacking two or more catalyst layers each containing a complex metal oxide catalyst in the axial direction of the tube under specified conditions is performed, and the catalyst layer on the most gas outlet side in the tube axis contains a catalyst containing a compound represented by a specified formulation formula.

A hydrogenation treatment catalyst is provided for heavy hydrocarbon oil, in which a hydrogenation-active component is supported on a silica-containing porous alumina carrier containing 0.1% to 1.5% by mass of silica based on the carrier. The total pore volume is 0.55 to 0.75 mL/g. Of the total volume of pores having a pore diameter of 3 to 30 nm (1) 30% to 45% have a pore diameter of 5 to 10 nm, (2) 50% to 65% have a pore diameter of 10 to 15 nm, and (3) the total volume of pores having a pore diameter in a range of ?1 nm from the average pore diameter is 25% or more. The total volume of pores having a pore diameter of 30 nm or more is 3% or less. The average pore diameter of pores having a pore diameter of 10 to 30 nm is 10.5 to 13 nm.

A catalytic composition is disclosed, which exhibits an X-ray amorphous oxide with a spinel formula, and crystals of ZnO, CuO, and at least one Group VIB metal oxide, and preferably, at least one acidic oxide of B, P. or Si, as well. The composition is useful in oxidative processes for removing sulfur from gaseous hydrocarbons.

Feedstocks containing biocomponent materials are coprocessed with mineral feeds using a Group VI metal catalyst prior to hydrodesulfurization of the feedstocks. The Group VI metal catalyst is optionally a physically promoted Group VI metal catalyst.