The present invention relates to a method of generating chlorine dioxide from chlorite salts in the presence of a manganese ion-containing complex, a method of treating a substrate with a chlorine-containing oxidant in the presence of a manganese ion-containing complex and related aqueous media, kits and compositions.

The present invention relates to the field of polymerisation catalysts, and systems comprising said catalysts for polymerising carbon dioxide and an epoxide, a lactide and/or lactone, and/or an epoxide and an anhydride. The catalyst is of formula (I):

##STR00001##

Wherein M.sub.1 and M.sub.2 are independently selected from Zn(II), Cr(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Mn(II), Ni(II), Mg(II), Fe(II), Ti(II), V(II), Cr(III)-X, Co(III)-X, Ni(III)-X, Mn(III)-X, Fe(III)-X, Ca(II), Ge(II), Al(III)-X, Ti(III)-X, V(III)-X, Ge(IV)-(X).sub.2 or Ti(IV)-(X).sub.2. R.sub.3A is different from R.sub.3B; and/or at least one occurrence of E.sub.3, E.sub.4, E.sub.5 and E.sub.6 is different to a remaining occurrence of E.sub.3, E.sub.4, E.sub.5 and E.sub.6. A ligand, a process of asymmetric N-substitution of a symmetrical ligand and a process for the reaction of: (i) carbon dioxide with an epoxide; (ii) an epoxide and an anhydride; and/or (iii) a lactide and/or a lactone, in the presence of a catalyst is also described.

The present invention relates to the field of polymerisation catalysts, and systems comprising these catalysts for polymerising carbon dioxide and an epoxide, a lactide and/or lactone, and/or an epoxide and an anhydride. The catalyst is of formula (I):

##STR00001##

wherein at least one of M.sub.1 or M.sub.2 is selected from Ni(II) and Ni(III)-X. A process for the reaction of carbon dioxide with an epoxide; an epoxide and an anhydride; and/or a lactide and/or a lactone in the presence of the catalyst is also described.

The present invention provides unimolecular metal complexes having increased activity in the copolymerization of carbon dioxide and epoxides. Also provided are methods of using such metal complexes in the synthesis of polymers. According to one aspect, the present invention provides metal complexes comprising an activating species with co-catalytic activity tethered to a multidentate ligand that is coordinated to the active metal center of the complex.

A catalytic carbon capture material is provided. The catalytic carbon capture material includes a microporous polymer including a Trger's base moiety, and a transition metal is coordinated within the microporous polymer. The catalytic carbon capture material selectively captures carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) and also is a catalyst that simultaneously converts the captured carbon dioxide into one or more carbon dioxide-based products. A method of making the catalytic carbon capture material and a method of selective carbon dioxide capture and conversion are also provided.

Various embodiments disclosed relate to bridged phthalocyanine- and napththalocyanine-metal complex catalysts and methods of using and purifying the same. In various embodiments, the present invention provides a method of purifying a catalyst. The method includes contacting a catalyst composition with acid, the catalyst composition including a catalyst, to provide an acidified catalyst composition with the catalyst dissolved therein. The method includes precipitating the catalyst, and removing the precipitated catalyst from solution, to provide a purified catalyst.

The present invention relates to a catalyst composition for cyclic olefin polymerization, and a method for preparing a cyclic olefin-based oligomer or a cyclic olefin-based polymer by using same, and, more specifically, to: a catalyst composition for cyclic olefin polymerization, the composition forming catalytically active species inside and outside the same reaction system during polymerization of cyclic olefin-based monomers, thereby enabling an oligomer or a polymer to be prepared from the cyclic olefin-based monomers; and a method for preparing a cyclic olefin-based oligomer or a cyclic olefin-based polymer by using same.