A method for generating a hybrid reaction flows feedstock gas that is also a plasma medium through microchannels. Plasma is generated with the plasma medium via excitation with a time-varying voltage. UV or VUV emissions are generated at a wavelength selected to break a chemical bond in the feedstock gas. The UV or VUV emissions are directed into the microchannels to interact with the plasma medium and generate a reaction product from the plasma medium. A hybrid reactor device includes a microchannel plasma array having inlets and outlets for respectively flowing gas feedstock into and reaction product out of the microchannel plasma array. A UV or VUV emission lamp has its emissions directed into microchannels of the microchannel plasma array. Electrodes ignite plasma in the microchannels and stimulating the UV or VUV emission lamp to generate UV or VUV emissions. One common or plural phased time-varying voltage sources drive the plasma array and the UV or VUV emission lamp.

The present invention is a production method for ammonia and ammonia derivatives in a Multi-Reaction Zone Reactor. Said production method comprising the steps of: a) producing at least some section of ammonia as a result of balance reaction of ammonia by means of nitrogen and hydrogen catalyst in at least one primary reaction zone (RZ-1), b) realizing absorption by means of chemical or physical absorbents of at least some section of ammonia which is in gas form and which is produced in primary reaction zone (RZ-1) in at least one secondary reaction zone (RZ-2) which is not separated by discrete physical barriers with the primary reaction zone (RZ-1).

The problem addressed by the invention is that of providing a plasma reactor for decomposition of hydrocarbons which allows stable operation over a prolonged time period. This problem is solved by a plasma reactor for decomposing a hydrocarbon fluid, which comprises a reactor chamber surrounded by a reactor wall and further comprises at least one hydrocarbon inlet and an outlet. A plasma torch having at least two electrodes, which comprise a base part at a first end, is fixed to the reactor wall. At a second end, the electrodes comprise a burner part which projects into the reactor chamber, and a plasma zone is defined between the burner parts of adjacent electrodes. In a region between the plasma zone and the outlet, the hydrocarbon inlet opens into the reactor chamber, and the hydrocarbon inlet is oriented toward the plasma zone such that hydrocarbon fluid flowing therefrom is directed towards the plasma zone. In the plasma reactor disclosed herein, primarily small C particles are formed which prevent fouling or overgrowing of the reactor chamber. Furthermore some large and heavy C particles, which may statistically be formed, penetrate the plasma cloud and can attach specifically to the electrodes.

A device and a process to propagate molecular growth of hydrocarbons, either straight or branched chain structures, that naturally occur in the gas phase to a molecular size sufficient to shift the natural occurring phase to a liquid or solid state is provided. According to one embodiment, the device includes a grounded reactor vessel having a gas inlet, a liquid outlet, and an electrode within the vessel; a power supply coupled to the electrode for creating an electrostatic field within the vessel for converting the gas to a liquid and or solid state.

A method, system and equipment (31) for activating biochar (29) includes flowing a reactive gas into a chamber (33; 305), using an electrical field to create a plasma (75) in the chamber, using a magnetic field (105) to increase density of the plasma and activating biochar with the plasma in the chamber. Use of inductive magnetic coil(s) (131) with an essentially closed loop magnetic field, and/or a permanent magnet(s) (101; 317) are also provided in a further aspect of the present method and apparatus. Another aspect causes magnetic densification of one or multiple plasmas in a chamber (305) to treat a previously produced layer of thin film (303).

A plasma chemical reactor including an anode having a generally cylindrical shape and an axis of rotational symmetry; a cathode inside the anode and co-axial with the anode; a hot plasma channel between the between the anode and the cathode; a gas input module providing gas flow into the anode; a gas output module at a distal end of the anode; and a high voltage power supply providing with a current in a range of 0.1-1.0 A. The high voltage power supply provides a voltage to the cathode in a range of 0-5 kV, a power of at least 1 kW, and a voltage/current ratio of at least 1000 V/A.

A powder plasma processing apparatus is disclosed. The powder plasma processing apparatus is a powder plasma processing apparatus of a circular surface discharge plasma module, and the apparatus includes a plate-like electrode layer serving as an external surface of the circular surface discharge plasma module, an insulating layer disposed on an internal surface of the plate-like electrode layer, and a plasma generating electrode disposed on the insulating layer, wherein the circular surface discharge plasma module rotates, an alternating voltage is applied to the plasma generating electrode and the plate-like electrode layer to generate plasma around the plasma generating electrode, and a powder for plasma processing is processed by the plasma within the circular surface discharge plasma module.

A method and a device are proposed for plasma-chemical conversion of gas or gas mixture using a pulsed electrical discharge. They allow increasing efficiency of the process for converting gas/gas mixture into desired products by stimulating forward reactions and minimizing reverse reactions. This is achieved by converting the gas/gas mixture using a pulsed electrical discharge in the form of hot plasma channels formed between electrodes in the moving flow of gas/gas mixture, wherein the ratio of the flow velocity to the average discharge current falls within the following range: 250 J/(m.sup.3*A.sup.2)<?*V.sup.2/I.sup.2<4,000 J/(m.sup.3*A.sup.2), where ? is the density of gas/gas mixture in a reaction chamber (kg/m3), V is the flow velocity of gas/gas mixture in the reaction chamber (m/s), and I is the average current of the pulsed electrical discharge (A).

A reactor structure for providing energization , wherein a sustainable and stable mechanism is achieved for each step of the energizing process and which is capable of energizing together with a voltage of 50-100 kV and provides for both small-sized portable and factory-sized applications.

A substance is treated using a device having: (a) a volute or cyclone head, (b) a throat connected to the volute or cyclone head, (c) a parabolic reflector connected to the throat, (d) a first wave energy source comprising a first electrode within the volute or cyclone head that extends through the outlet into the opening of the throat along the central axis, and a second electrode extending into the parabolic reflector and spaced apart and axially aligned with first electrode, and (e) a second wave energy source disposed inside the throat, embedded within the throat or disposed around the throat. The substance is directed to the inlet of the volute or cyclone head and irradiated with one or more wave energies produced by the first and second wave energy sources as the substance passes through the device.