A modular photochemical reactor system having a plurality of fluidic modules each having i) a central planar process fluid layer and ii) two outer planar thermal control fluid layers for containing flowing thermal control fluid and a plurality of illumination modules, the illumination modules of the plurality each having a planar form with first and second major surfaces and each having at least a first array of semiconductor emitters, the emitters positioned to emit from or through the first major surface, wherein the first array of semiconductor emitters has at least a first emitter and a second emitter, the first emitter capable of emitting at a first center wavelength and the second emitter capable of emitting at a second center wavelength, the first and second center wavelengths differing from each other.

According to an aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a microwave reactor including a container for storing a bath fluid, a tube including an inlet at one end through which a target fluid is introduced, an outlet at another end through which the target fluid is discharged, wherein at least a portion of the tube is submerged in the bath fluid, and at least one radiator located outside the container and configured to irradiate microwaves into the container.

A method for conversion of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide comprises: introducing a flow of a dehumidified gaseous source of carbon dioxide into a reaction vessel; and irradiating dried, solid carbonaceous material in the reaction vessel with microwave energy. Heating of the irradiated carbonaceous material drives an endothermic reaction of carbon dioxide and carbon that produces carbon monoxide. At least a portion of heat required to maintain a temperature within the reaction vessel is supplied by the microwave energy. Carbon monoxide thus produced is allowed to flow out of the reaction vessel.

Microwave chemical processing system having a microwave plasma reactor, and a multi-stage gas-solid separation system are disclosed. The microwave energy source has a waveguide, a reaction zone, and an inlet configured to receive the input material, and the input material is converted into separated components. The separated components include hydrogen gas and carbon particles. The multi-stage gas-solid separation system has a first cyclone separator to filter the carbon particles from the separated components, and a back-pulse filter system coupled to the output of the first cycle separator to filter the carbon particles from the output from the first cyclone separator.

A photochemical reactor (1) having a hollow container body (10) having a side wall (11) made of a material arranged to contain an excited luminous plasma with electromagnetic fields and defining a closed excitation chamber (12) in which, in use, an excitable material (15) is present in such a way to obtain a discharge of the excited luminous plasma by microwave irradiation. The hollow container body (10) is provided with at least a hollow (20) that protrudes into the excitation chamber (12) and at least a microwave radiation source positioned, in use, in the hollow (20), and arranged to emit radiations in such a way to excite the excitable material (15) producing a luminous plasma.

Heating reaction container comprises: a first member; a second member; and a third member. An opening is closed by the second member being detachably fitted in the first member and by the third member being detachably fitted in the second member. 1, 2, and 3 satisfy a relation of 3>2>1, 3=2>1, or 3>2=1, where 1 represents a thermal expansion coefficient of a first material of the first member, 2 represents a thermal expansion coefficient of a second material of the second member, and 3 represents a thermal expansion coefficient of a third material of the third member. A gap is present before heating, and a space is sealed, through the heating, by a first contact surface coming into intimate contact with a second contact surface and by a third contact surface coming into intimate contact with a fourth contact surface.

Disclosed is a microwave irradiating and heating device including: a reaction furnace (1) for containing a sample material (50) to be irradiated with microwave and to be heated; a polarization grid (2) provided for the reaction furnace (1); a microwave irradiating source (3) for emitting a linearly polarized microwave, the microwave irradiating source (3) being disposed outside the reaction furnace (1); and a reflector (4) for reflecting the microwave emitted from the microwave irradiating source (3) toward the reaction furnace (1) through the polarization grid (2), the reflector (4) being disposed above the reaction furnace (1), wherein the microwave irradiating source (3) is arranged in such a way that the polarization direction of the reflected microwave which is made incident upon the polarization grid (2) is perpendicular to an orientation of the polarization grid (2).

A method for conversion of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide comprises: introducing a flow of a dehumidified gaseous source of carbon dioxide into a reaction vessel; and irradiating dried, solid carbonaceous material in the reaction vessel with microwave energy. Heating of the irradiated carbonaceous material drives an endothermic reaction of carbon dioxide and carbon that produces carbon monoxide. At least a portion of heat required to maintain a temperature within the reaction vessel is supplied by the microwave energy. Carbon monoxide thus produced is allowed to flow out of the reaction vessel.

In order to suppress discharge of an unreacted content in a chemical reaction apparatus for irradiating a content with microwaves, a chemical reaction apparatus includes: a horizontal flow-type reactor in which a liquid content horizontally flows with an unfilled space being provided thereabove; a microwave generator that generates microwaves; and a waveguide that transmits the microwaves generated by the microwave generator to the unfilled space in the reactor, wherein the inside of the reactor is partitioned into multiple chambers to by overflow-type partition plates and that allow the content to flow thereover and an underflow-type partition plate that allows the content to flow thereunder.

A modular photochemical reactor system comprises a plurality of fluidic modules (20) each having i) a central planar process fluid layer (30) and ii) two outer planar thermal control fluid layers (40) for containing flowing thermal control fluid and a plurality of illumination modules (50), the illumination modules (50) of said plurality each having a planar form with first and second major surfaces (52, 54) and each comprising at least a first array (60) of semiconductor emitters (70), said emitters (70) positioned to emit from or through the first major surface (52), wherein said first array (60) of semiconductor emitters (70) comprises at least a first emitter (72) and a second emitter (74), the first emitter (72) capable of emitting at a first center wavelength and the second emitter (74) capable of emitting at a second center wavelength, said first and second center wavelengths differing from each other.