A facade element includes a coloring transparent or semi-transparent first pane and a mechanically supporting transparent second pane firmly connected to one another by an intermediate layer. The first pane has a front surface arranged on the light incidence side and an opposite back surface, at least one surface of the front and back surfaces has at least one structured region, and at least one optical interference layer is arranged on the at least one surface for reflecting light within a predetermined wavelength range. The structured region has the following features: perpendicular to the plane of the first pane, a height profile comprising peaks and valleys, wherein an average height difference between the peaks and valleys is at least 2 m, at least 50% of the structured region is composed of segments which are inclined with respect to the plane of the first pane (2).

Provided is an interlayer film for a laminated glass capable of obtaining laminated glass having excellent unity of appearance. An interlayer film for a laminated glass according to the present invention has one end, and the other end, and when the interlayer film is arranged between two sheets of clear glass conforming to JIS R3202:1996 to obtain a laminated glass X, the interlayer film has a colored region where visible light transmittance of the laminated glass X is 1% to 50%, the colored region has a plane area of 95% or more in 100% of a total plane area of the interlayer film, the laminated glass X has a first visible light transmittance at a position of 5 cm from the one end toward the other end of the interlayer film, and a second visible light transmittance at a position of 5 cm from the other end toward the one end of the interlayer film, the first visible light transmittance being smaller than the second visible light transmittance, the first visible light transmittance is 1% to 20%, the second visible light transmittance is 5% to 50%, and an absolute value of difference between the first visible light transmittance and the second visible light transmittance is 2% to 45%.

A heat ray shielding structure including a heat ray shielding layer (2) between a first resin layer and a second resin layer, wherein the heat ray shielding layer (2) is a heat ray reflecting layer which is a first heat ray reflecting layer having a repeated multilayer structure of a high-refractive-index layer and a low-refractive-index layer or which is a second heat ray reflecting layer containing at least any one of Au, Ag, Cu and Al, a heat ray absorbing layer containing at least one of an inorganic oxide and a coloring matter and containing a binder resin, or a layer including the heat ray reflecting layer and the heat ray absorbing layer.

A treated substrate includes a low emissivity coating layer disposed on a substrate and a high emissivity coating layer disposed on the low emissivity coating layer. The low emissivity coating layer is formed a low emissivity coating composition including silver, or indium tin oxide, or fluorine-doped tin oxide, while the high emissivity coating layer is formed from a high emissivity coating composition including a carbon-doped silicon oxide. The treated substrate has an emissivity of from 0.7 to less than 1.0 at wavelengths ranging from 8 micrometers to 13 micrometers and has an emissivity of greater than 0 to 0.3 at wavelengths less than 6 micrometers. The treated substrate also maintains a visually acceptable mechanical brush durability resistance for at least 150 test cycles tested in accordance with ASTM D2486-17.

In one example, a crystal cell comprises: a first substrate, a second substrate, first spacers and second spacers sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate to define a gap between the first substrate and the second substrate, the first spacers being fixedly bonded to each of the first substrate and the second substrate, the second spacers being movable between the first and second substrates, a sealant sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate and enclosing the first spacers and the second spacers, and a liquid crystal enclosed by the sealant, the first substrate, and the second substrate. Examples of a dimmable glass incorporating liquid crystal cells and methods of manufacturing the liquid crystal cells are also provided.

A composite pane, includes an outer pane having an outer-side surface and an interior-side surface, an inner pane having an outer-side surface and an interior-side surface, and a thermoplastic intermediate layer, which joins the interior-side surface of the outer pane to the outer-side surface of the inner pane. The composite pane has, between the outer and inner panes, a sun protection coating, which substantially reflects or absorbs rays outside the visible spectrum of solar radiation. The composite pane has, on the interior-side surface of the inner pane, a thermal-radiation-reflecting coating (low-E coating). The composite pane has a transmittance index A of 0.02 to 0.08, wherein the transmittance index A is determined according to the following formula A=TL.sub.composite glass pane/(TL.sub.low-E-coated pane*TE). TL is the light transmittance and TE is the energy transmittance measured according to ISO 9050.

A laminated glazing comprising first and second panes of glazing material, first and second plies of adhesive interlayer material and an electrical device therebetween is described. The electrical device comprises a substrate having a first major surface and a second opposing major surface wherein on the first major surface of the substrate are one or more electrically conductive pathways in electrical communication with at least one electrically operable light source mounted on the substrate and on at least a portion of the second major surface of the substrate is an infrared radiation reflecting film for reducing the amount of infrared radiation that passes from the second major surface of the substrate to the first major surface of the substrate. An electrical device for use in such a laminated glazing is also described.

The present invention discloses a composite thermal insulator including a first transparent substrate layer, a second transparent substrate layer, and a near-infrared shielding layer positioned between the first transparent substrate layer and the second transparent substrate layer, and the near-infrared shielding layer is formed by dispersively fixing multiple nanoparticles containing tungsten oxide in polyethylene terephthalate. The composite thermal insulator can't change color under sunlight so that it can be used for light output controlling and thermal isolation.

The use of camera based safety systems is growing at a rapid rate in modern automobiles. As the industry moves towards vehicles with full autonomous capability, the number of cameras required and the resolution of the cameras are both increasing. At the same time, windshields, where many of the cameras are mounted, are becoming larger and more complex in shape. This presents problems in the area of camera optics. Variations in the thickness of the glass and the plastic layer, surface mismatch, surface texture and the design curvature of the glass in conjunction with the often low installation angle, can reduce the optical clarity of the camera optics. These optical aberrations are further exacerbated during the lamination process when the layers are bonded together under pressure. The laminate of the invention utilizes a cutout in the plastic bonding layer in side of the laminate, preferable in the camera field of view. A laminating resin is used to fill the gap left by the cutout between the two glass layers.

There are provided a projection image-displaying member, a windshield glass, and a head-up display system in which both high visible light transmittance and good tint of a screen image displayed are achieved. The projection image-displaying member has a selectively reflecting layer that wavelength-selectively reflects light. The selectively reflecting layer has a maximum reflectivity in a wavelength range of 700 to 850 nm at an incidence angle of 5 and has a peak with a reflectivity of 15% or more in a wavelength range of 470 to 540 nm. The selectively reflecting layer further has two or more peaks of reflectivity in a wavelength range of 540 to 700 nm.