An interlayer film 10 for laminated glass comprises a first resin layer 11, a second resin layer 12, and a plastic layer 13 disposed between the first and second resin layers 11 and 12, wherein: the first resin layer 11 comprises a thermoplastic resin, and has a thickness of 900 μm or less, and a magnesium element content of less than 25 ppm; the second resin layer 12 comprises a thermoplastic resin, and has a total content of magnesium element and potassium element of 25 ppm or more; and the interlayer film for laminated glass satisfies requirements to have a mean break height (MBH) of 5 m or more in a falling ball test conducted in accordance with JIS R 3212: 2015 for two glass sheets each having a thickness of 2.5 mm laminated via the interlayer film 10 for laminated glass, in both cases with a water content of the interlayer film for laminated glass of 0.4% and 2.0%.

An apparatus and method, according to an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure includes, among other things, a transparent lighting source, a switchable opaque film bonded to the transparent lighting source to provide a vehicle component, and an electrical connection that connects to the transparent lighting source and the switchable opaque film such that the switchable opaque film is electrically controlled to switch between an opaque state and a transparent state. A control unit independently controls the switchable opaque film and the transparent lighting source based on a predetermined application for the vehicle component.

A composite pane with at least one integrated electrical component includes an outer pane with an outer face and an inner face, an inner pane with an outer face and an inner face, wherein the inner face of the outer pane and the inner face of the inner pane are connected by a thermoplastic interlayer, wherein the electrical component is integrated between the inner face of the outer pane and the inner face of the inner pane and electrically contacted by at least one conductive track, wherein at least one portion of the exposed surface of the electrical component and optionally at least one portion of the exposed surface of the conductive track is continuously covered by a polymeric protective coating.

A functional element having electrically controllable optical properties, includes a stack sequence formed of a first carrier film, a first surface electrode, an active layer, a second surface electrode, and a second carrier film, wherein the second carrier film has an overhanging region beyond the first carrier film and at least one barrier film is arranged on at least one edge region of the first carrier film and the overhanging region of the second carrier film.

A train window structure and a train with the train window structure, the train window structure comprises a train window frame; train window glass arranged on the train window frame and internally provided with a hollow structure; and a display arranged in the hollow structure to display information on the train window glass, and information is displayed on the display in the hollow structure and is provided for passengers.

A laminated glazing incorporates an electrically controllable device and the manufacture thereof including an operation of preassembly with a thin plastic strip.

A laminated glass includes a pair of glass plates, an interlayer film, and a functional element contacting with the interlayer film, and including conductive films, electrodes, an electrode section, a non-electrode section, a first reference surface, and a second reference surface. When an average value of a height of the electrode section is denoted as t1, an average value of a height of the electrode section as t2, and a length in a crosswise direction of the one of the electrodes as w, 0≤w×t1≤0.7, 0≤w×t2≤0.7, and 3≤w≤20 are satisfied. The functional element is a light control element or an electric heating element, the light control element including: substrates on which conductive films are formed, and a light control layer made of any one or more selected from a group consisting of a suspended particle device, a guest-host liquid crystal, a photochromic material, an electrochromic material, and an electrokinetic material.

A transparent display device includes a transparent substrate, a film provided on the transparent substrate via an adhesive layer, and a plurality of light-emitting units provided on the film, wherein each of the light-emitting units includes a light-emitting diode having a surface area of 1 mm.sup.2 or less, a thickness of the film is 2 μm or more and 400 μm or less, a value obtained by multiplying a tensile strength of the film by the thickness is 5×10.sup.2 (Pa.Math.m) or more, and a transmittance of visible light is 20% or more.

A train window structure and a train with the train window structure, the train window structure comprises a train window frame; train window glass arranged on the train window frame and internally provided with a hollow structure; and a display arranged in the hollow structure to display information on the train window glass, and information is displayed on the display in the hollow structure and is provided for passengers.

A functional element having electrically controllable optical properties, includes a stack sequence formed of a first carrier film, a first surface electrode, an active layer, a second surface electrode, and a second carrier film, wherein the second carrier film has an overhanging region beyond the first carrier film and at least one barrier film is arranged on at least one edge region of the first carrier film and the overhanging region of the second carrier film.