An electro-optic element includes a first electroactive film including a first electroactive component sequestered adjacent to a first electrically conductive layer and a second electroactive film including a second electroactive component sequestered adjacent to a second electrically conductive layer. At least one of the first electroactive film and the second electroactive film is capable of reversibly attenuating transmittance of light having a wavelength within a predetermined wavelength range. The first electroactive component can include a first oxidation state and at least a second oxidation state. An amount of the first electroactive component relative to the second electroactive component can be configured to limit formation of the second oxidation state of the first electroactive component.

A laminated light valve film comprising: (a) a film having first and second opposed outer surfaces; (b) a first layer of a polymeric interlayer material upon at least a portion of each opposed outer surface; (c) a first pair of substrates, one of which is adhered to the interlayer material upon the first outer opposed surface of the light valve film and the second is adhered to the interlayer material upon the second outer opposed surface of the light valve film, these substrates being formed from plastic or glass; (d) a second layer of polymeric interlayer material applied to at least a portion of an outer surface of each one of the first pair of substrates; and (e) a second pair of substrates, one being adhered to the interlayer upon the outer surface of one of the first pair of substrates and a second one adhered to the interlayer material on the outer surface of a second one of the first pair of substrates, the second pair of substrates being formed from plastic or glass, with the proviso that when the first pair of substrates is formed of plastic, the second pair of substrates is formed of glass, and vice-versa.

A composite pane having electrically controllable optical properties, includes an outer pane, a first intermediate layer, a second intermediate layer, and an inner pane, a functional element having electrically controllable optical properties, which is arranged between the first intermediate layer and the second intermediate layer, and a thermoplastic frame layer, which surrounds the functional element in the manner of a frame, wherein the outer pane and the inner pane are joined to one another via the first intermediate layer, the second intermediate layer, and the thermoplastic frame layer, and an optical waveguide is arranged at least partially between the outer pane and the inner pane.

A composite pane, includes an outer pane having an outer-side surface and an interior-side surface, an inner pane having an outer-side surface and an interior-side surface, and a thermoplastic intermediate layer, which joins the interior-side surface of the outer pane to the outer-side surface of the inner pane. The composite pane has, between the outer and inner panes, a sun protection coating, which substantially reflects or absorbs rays outside the visible spectrum of solar radiation. The composite pane has, on the interior-side surface of the inner pane, a thermal-radiation-reflecting coating (low-E coating). The composite pane has a transmittance index A of 0.02 to 0.08, wherein the transmittance index A is determined according to the following formula A=TL.sub.composite glass pane/(TL.sub.low-E-coated pane*TE). TL is the light transmittance and TE is the energy transmittance measured according to ISO 9050.

A laminated glazing incorporates an electrically controllable device and the manufacture thereof including an operation of preassembly with a thin plastic strip.

A laminated light valve film comprising: (a) a film having first and second opposed outer surfaces; (b) a first layer of a polymeric interlayer material upon at least a portion of each opposed outer surface; (c) a first pair of substrates, one of which is adhered to the interlayer material upon the first outer opposed surface of the light valve film and the second is adhered to the interlayer material upon the second outer opposed surface of the light valve film, these substrates being formed from plastic or glass; (d) a second layer of polymeric interlayer material applied to at least a portion of an outer surface of each one of the first pair of substrates; and (e) a second pair of substrates, one being adhered to the interlayer upon the outer surface of one of the first pair of substrates and a second one adhered to the interlayer material on the outer surface of a second one of the first pair of substrates, the second pair of substrates being formed from plastic or glass, with the proviso that when the first pair of substrates is formed of plastic, the second pair of substrates is formed of glass, and vice-versa.

A system may have windows. Each window may have inner and outer glass layers laminated together with polymer. Optical component layers may be incorporated into the polymer or the polymer may be free of embedded components. To avoid mismatch between adjacent window edges in systems with multiple adjacent windows, adjacent windows may be formed from shared-cut-edge-matched window panel sections that are cut from a common window panel. Windows may be formed from a single portion of laminated glass or may be formed by joining multiple smaller pieces of laminated glass together along a seam.

Black enamel frit obscurations are commonly printed on laminated and tempered automotive safety glazing where they serve to hide the adhesive used to bind the glazing to the automotive body and to protect the adhesive from ultraviolet radiation. However, frit has a number of drawbacks. Frit weakens the surface of the glass. It can create distortion in the glass due to thermal gradients. Printed frit obscurations are incompatible and cannot be used with many types of coatings. Standard frit blocks ion exchange and cannot be used with the chemical tempering process. In addition, while many types of frits are available for printing on soda-lime glass, there are very few, if any, for non-soda lime glass. As the market moves towards thinner and lighter glazing, non-soda lime glass types are finding increasing application in automotive glazing. These limitations are overcome by replacing the printed black obscuration with an obscuration formed from a thin sheet of plastic, which is integrated into the laminate. This results in a laminate having superior optical quality, higher strength and a lower probability of breakage as compared to a laminate with a black enamel frit obscuration.

A vehicle interior light intensity mapping system comprises at least one light detector configured to identify an intensity of light distributed in a plurality of regions in the vehicle. The light detector comprises an optic device comprising at least one aperture configured to receive light from a plurality of directions distributed in a passenger compartment of a vehicle. The light detector further comprises at least one sensor configured to receive the light from the plurality of directions. A controller is configured to identify an intensity of the light in each of a plurality of regions of the vehicle, wherein each of the regions corresponds to a different direction of the light received through each of the plurality of apertures of the optic device.

Embodiments of this disclosure pertain to a laminate including a first substrate, an interlayer and a light responsive material disposed on the first substrate, and a second substrate disposed on the interlayer. The laminate may be complexly curved. The light responsive material may include any one or more of an electrochromic material, a photochromic material, a suspended particle material, a micro-blind material and a liquid crystal material. In one or more embodiments, the laminate comprises a display unit disposed between the first and second substrate. Methods for forming the laminate are also disclosed.