A system, apparatus, and methods are provided for establishing and supporting a VOIP (Voice Over Internet Protocol) call from one computing/communication device to another. The system receives a call offer from a caller, forwards it to the callee, and identifies to each party multiple candidate relay entities for relaying their digitized voice communications. Each device binds with one or all relays, and either or both of them select one of the relays to use in a relay mode of operation of the call, if necessary. One or more of the relays inform the devices of their external network addresses, and each device passes its (internal and external) addresses to each other, through the system. The devices attempt to establish a direct connection to conduct their call in a peer-to-peer mode of operation, but may dynamically switch between peer-to-peer and relay modes as necessary.

The present invention aims to provide an interlayer film for a laminated glass that generates heat under application of a voltage and warms frozen glass to melt frost or ice and also contributes to an excellent appearance of a laminated glass when used in the production of the laminated glass. The present invention can also provide a laminated glass produced using the interlayer film for a laminated glass. The present invention relates to an interlayer film for a laminated glass including: a conductive layer including a substrate containing a thermoplastic resin and a conductive film formed on the substrate; and a first resin layer containing a polyvinyl acetal stacked on the conductive film side of the conductive layer, the substrate having a thermal shrinkage measured in conformity with JIS C2151 of 1.0% to 3.5% in both of MD and TD directions after heat treatment at 150 C. for 30 minutes, the substrate and the first resin layer having a difference in the thermal shrinkage measured in conformity with JIS C2151 of 10% or less in absolute value in both of MD and TD directions after heat treatment at 150 C. for 30 minutes.

The present invention concerns a laminated glazing having variable light transmission comprising two glass sheets, an external glass sheet and an internal glass sheet, that are joined by at least one thermoplastic interlayer sheet, an assembly of a functional film, which is incorporated into the laminate between the two glass sheets. According to the invention, the at least one thermoplastic interlayer sheet has a roughness with a Rz comprised between 50 and 400 ?m and a Ra comprised between 15 and 90 ?m and preferably with a Rz comprised between 100 and 400 ?m and a Ra comprised between 30 and 90 ?m.

Layered structures consisting of at least one film A containing a polyvinyl acetal PA and at most 16% by weight of plasticizer WA and at least one film B containing a polyvinyl acetal PB and at least 16% by weight plasticizer WB between two glass sheets, are produced by adhering at least one film A to at least one film B or at least one of the glass sheets by means of a liquid. The layered structure can then be pressed to form a composite glass laminate.

There is provided an interlayer film for laminated glass with which an air bubble can be made difficult to be left behind between a lamination glass member and the interlayer film when laminated glass is obtained. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to the present invention contains a thermoplastic resin and has one end and the other end being at the opposite side of the one and and having a thickness thicker than the one end, each of three values of the ten-point average roughness Rz of the surface at a position apart from the one end by 50 mm toward the other end, the ten-point average roughness Rz of the surface at a center position between the one end and the other end, and the ten-point average roughness Rz of the surface at a position apart from the other end by 50 mm toward the one end is 20 m or more, and a value calculated by subtracting the smallest value among the three values from the largest value among the three values is 3 m or more and 9 m or less.

A laminate with excellent sound insulating properties and bending strength and a laminated glass using the laminate are provided. The laminate contains a layer A and a plurality of layers B. The layer A includes a composition, which contains a resin having a peak at which a tan as measured by conducting a complex shear viscosity test under a condition at a frequency of 1 Hz in accordance with JIS K 7244-10 is maximum at 40 to 30 C. The layer A is laminated between at least two of the layers B, in which a shear storage modulus at a temperature of 25 C. as measured by conducting a complex shear viscosity test under a condition at a frequency of 1 Hz in accordance with JIS K 7244-10 is 1.30 MPa or more.

An object of the present invention is to provide an interlayer film for laminated glass which has excellent sound insulating properties and which even when used for a long period of time in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, is able to keep a haze good and is also able to suppress whitening from an edge side thereof.

The present invention is concerned with an interlayer film for laminated glass including a sound insulating layer (layer A) and thermoplastic resin layers containing a thermoplastic resin (layers B), the sound insulating layer (layer A) being located between at least two of the thermoplastic resin layers (layers B), wherein with respect to a laminated glass obtained by interposing the interlayer film for laminated glass by two sheets of float glass and a laminated glass obtained by holding the laminated glass under conditions at 80 C. and at a relative humidity of 95% for 1,000 hours, when a haze of a central portion of the laminated glass in accordance with JIS K 7105 is measured, an increase of the haze of the laminated glass after holding relative to the haze of the laminated glass before holding is 2% or less, and a distance of whitening from an edge side of the laminated glass after holding is 4 mm or less.

The present invention provides an interlayer film for laminated glass which has excellent sound insulating properties even when the thickness is reduced, and also has a low degree of orientation and low shrinkability.

The invention relates to an interlayer film for laminated glass which includes at least one layer A containing a thermoplastic elastomer, wherein the thermoplastic elastomer includes a hard segment block and a soft segment block, the layer A has a sea-island phase separated structure in which the hard segment block is included as an island component and the soft segment block is included as a sea component, and the degree of orientation (1) defined by (maximum intensity valueminimum intensity value)/(maximum intensity value+minimum intensity value) based on the maximum intensity value and the minimum intensity value in an arbitrary azimuth range of 180 including the azimuth at which the intensity reaches the maximum in the azimuthal intensity distribution of periodic scattering or coherent scattering by the hard segment block or the soft segment block obtained for the layer A by small-angle X-ray scattering measurement is 0.9 or less.

There is provided an interlayer film for laminated glass with which an air bubble can be made difficult to be left behind between a lamination glass member and the interlayer film when laminated glass is obtained. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to the present invention contains a thermoplastic resin and has a portion where the amount of increase in the thickness is increased in a direction from one end to the other end in the region where the thickness is increased, has a portion where the amount of increase in the thickness is decreased in a direction from one end to the other end in the region where the thickness is increased, has a portion where the wedge angle is increased in a direction from one end to the other end in the region where the sectional shape in the thickness direction is a wedge-like shape, or has a portion where the wedge angle is decreased in a direction from one end to the other end in the region where the sectional shape in the thickness direction is a wedge-like shape, and the ten-point average roughness Rz of the surface at a center position of the portion where the amount of increase in the thickness is increased, the portion where the amount of increase in the thickness is decreased, the portion where the wedge angle is increased, or the portion where the wedge angle is decreased is 20 m or more.

The use of chemically strengthened glass, which was once only found in low volume specialty applications, is growing as a rapid rate as more and more new applications are found for it. Today, it can be found on the screens of hundreds of millions of smart, phones, tablets, and other devices. The high strength, scratch resistance, light weight and optical clarity also make it an especially attractive material for automotive vehicles where it is just starting to find uses. One of the challenges faced when fabricating an automotive laminate with chemically strengthened glass is in the application of the obscuration needed to hide the mounting adhesive and trim. Conventional black frits are not compatible with the chemical strengthening process. Porous frits, on the contrary, which allow the chemical strengthening to take place, have poor aesthetics. The disclosure provides a process for producing a laminated glazing with at least one chemically strengthened glass layer with a glossy black frit obscuration as well as the laminate itself.