The present invention relates to a layer element (L) comprising an ethylene polymer (a), to a multilayer assembly, preferably a photovoltaic multilayer assembly, comprising the layer element (L) of the invention, to an article comprising the layer element (L), preferably comprising a multilayer laminate comprising the layer element (L), more preferably a multilayer laminate of a photovoltaic (PV) module comprising the layer element (L) of the invention, to use of said layer element (L) for producing an article, preferably a photovoltaic module (PV), as well as to a process for producing an article, preferably a photovoltaic module, of the invention comprising the layer element (L).

The present invention aims to provide an interlayer film for a colored laminated glass which exhibits a visible light transmittance Tv of 5% or lower, small variation in visible light transmittance and an excellent appearance when incorporated in a laminated glass together with two clear glass plates in conformity with JIS R3202 (1996), and a colored laminated glass produced using the interlayer film for a colored laminated glass. Provided is an interlayer film for a colored laminated glass exhibiting a visible light transmittance Tv of 5% or lower when incorporated in a laminated glass together with two clear glass plates in conformity with JIS R3202 (1996), the interlayer film for a colored laminated glass including a laminate of at least two layers including a first resin layer containing a thermoplastic resin and a colorant and a second resin layer containing a thermoplastic resin and no colorant, the first resin layer satisfying a ratio of a difference t.sub.1 in thickness between the maximum value t.sub.1max and the minimum value t.sub.1min to an average thickness (t.sub.1/average thickness of first resin layer) of 0.30 or less.

The present invention provides an interlayer film for laminated glass which has excellent sound insulating properties even when the thickness is reduced, and also hardly causes optical unevenness. An interlayer film for laminated glass includes at least one layer A containing a thermoplastic elastomer, wherein the shear storage modulus of the layer A at 70 C. as measured by performing a dynamic viscoelasticity test at a frequency of 1,000 Hz in accordance with ASTM D4065-06 is 1 MPa or more, and a layer having a higher shear storage modulus than the layer A is provided on at least one surface of the layer A, and at least one surface of the interlayer film for laminated glass is in a state of having been shaped.

The present invention aims to provide an interlayer film for a colored laminated glass which exhibits a visible light transmittance Tv of 5% or lower, small variation in visible light transmittance and an excellent appearance when incorporated in a laminated glass together with two clear glass plates in conformity with JIS R3202 (1996), and a colored laminated glass produced using the interlayer film for a colored laminated glass. Provided is an interlayer film for a colored laminated glass having, recesses on at least one surface, and exhibiting a visible light transmittance Tv of 5% or lower when incorporated in a laminated glass together with two clear glass plates in conformity with JIS R3202 (1996), the interlayer film for a colored laminated glass including a laminate of at least two layers including a first resin layer containing a thermoplastic resin and a colorant and a second resin layer containing a thermoplastic resin and no colorant, the elastic modulus E.sub.1 of the first resin layer and the elastic modulus B.sub.2 of the second resin layer having a ratio E.sub.1/E.sub.2 of 1.25 or more, the thickness t.sub.1 of the first resin layer and the thickness t.sub.2 of the second resin layer having a ratio t.sub.1/t.sub.2 of 2.0 or less.

The present invention aims to provide an interlayer film for a laminated glass, which includes two or more stacked resin layers including a colored layer, exhibits excellent deaeration properties in a production process of a laminated glass, and is capable of preventing poor appearance of a colored portion, and a laminated glass including the interlayer film for a laminated glass. The present invention relates to an interlayer film for a laminated glass, having a laminated structure including two or more layers, at least including: an outer layer disposed on the outermost surface of the interlayer film for a laminated glass and having a large number of recesses on one surface; and a colored layer containing a colorant, a minimum distance between an outer layer side surface of the colored layer and the surface having a large number of recesses of the outer layer being 150 m or longer.

The invention provides a PVB interlayer sheet having a surface topography on at least one surface which is characterized as having a relatively low profile and a controlled, collapsible surface roughness profile (upon exposure to heat) having a population of significantly more surface peaks than negative peaks (valleys) in certain embodiments and slightly more distant peak spacing than is generally found in embossed PVB interlayers. The PVB interlayer sheets of the invention thus provide very good initial contact and tack of PVB to a glass surface, while leaving very little residual air behind after a first nip in a traditional glass lamination process when compared to other surface designs. The PVB interlayer sheets of the invention also exhibit a wide deairing window which affords greater tolerance of temperature and process variations.

The present invention aims to provide an interlayer film for a laminated glass that enables production of a laminated glass having high visible light transmittance even when deaeration for preliminary pressure bonding and heating for final pressure bonding are performed in parallel in a vacuum deaeration method. The present invention also aims to provide a method for producing the interlayer film for a laminated glass, and a laminated glass including the interlayer film for a laminated glass. Provided is an interlayer film for a laminated glass having a multitude of recesses on at least one surface, the surface with the recesses having a texture aspect ratio Str of 0.04 or lower as measured in conformity with ISO 25178.

Novel multilayer laminates and lamination methods useful for the production of safety glass are disclosed in which an interlayer is provided between substrates and a porous sealant material is provided in a strip around the perimeter of the interlayer and at least partially in-between the substrates adjacent the interlayer. The space between the substrates is evacuated or de-aired through the porous sealant. The porous sealant is then made into a non-porous, continuous perimeter seal by pressing at or near room temperature or at a moderately elevated temperature to remove pores or gaps. The laminate is further processed at higher elevated temperatures either at or near atmospheric pressure or at elevated pressure to increase the bonding between the interlayer and the substrates and to eliminate most or all of the initial texture on the surfaces of the interlayer.

Polyvinyl acetal films with less blocking tendency and which allow for escape of gas during laminating to form laminated composities are prepared by a process for embossing a film comprising plasticized polyvinyl acetal with a roughness Rz on at least one surfaces of 20 to 100 m by the steps of a. extruding of plasticised polyvinyl acetal to a film with a stochastic roughness of the surfaces of Rz =1 to 70 m, b. embossing at least one surface of the film obtained in step a) with channels having a depth of 5-50 m, a width of 10-200 m and a pitch of 50-2500 m, wherein c. the surface roughness of the elevations between the channels is at most 20% lower as obtained in step a).

The present invention aims to provide an interlayer film for laminated glass having small optical distortion while having a multilayer structure of two or more layers, and a laminated glass including the interlayer film for laminated glass. The present invention relates to an interlayer film for laminated glass including at least two resin layers laminated together, the interlayer film having a large number of minute recesses and a large number of minute projections on at least one surface, the at least two resin layers including a first surface layer and a second surface layer and each containing a thermoplastic resin and a plasticizer, wherein, provided that the interlayer film is allowed to stand at 23? C. and a humidity of 30% RH for three hours, and cut with a microtome at 23? C. and a humidity of 30% RH in the horizontal direction of the interlayer film at a portion of 80 to 90 ?m distant on the first surface layer side from the interface between the first surface layer and a resin layer contacting the interior side of the first surface layer and then at a portion of 50 ?m distant from the cut face on the second surface layer side to prepare a resin film 1 having a thickness of 50 ?m, the resin film 1 after standing at a temperature of 23? C. and a humidity of 30% RH for three hours has a surface roughness (Rz) measured by a method in conformity with JIS B-0601 (1994) of less than 2.5 ?m.