The controller drives the piezoelectric body such that, when the cumulative number of times of the driving is a second number of times greater than the first number of times, the voltage difference is a second value smaller than the first value.

Provided are a printing device and a print element substrate having a detection element row provided in correspondence to an ejection port row and capable of suppressing an increase in a length in an ejection port row direction. For that purpose, a row selection circuit 117 is provided in a detection element circuit 108, and a row of the detection element circuit is selected by row selection signals A0 and A1 transmitted through a common wiring.

A print element substrate and a printing device which can suppress lowering of an image quality are provided. For that purpose, a heater, a sub-heater, and a driver are arranged in each heating area, and a plurality of the heating areas is arrayed on the print element substrate.

A liquid discharge device to perform recording by use of a liquid discharge head including discharge ports to discharge a liquid, pressure generation elements to generate energy to be used to discharge the liquid, and pressure chambers communicating with the discharge ports. The liquid discharge device includes: a control unit to control a temperature of the liquid discharge head by applying heat with heating elements arranged in divided areas of a region of the liquid discharge head where the discharge ports are arranged. When there is recording data for the discharge port in a certain one of the divided areas, the control unit causes the heating element in the divided area to generate heat, and when there is no recording data for the discharge port in the certain divided area, the control unit keeps the heating element in the certain divided area from generating heat.

A liquid discharge head includes a pressure chamber substrate that is provided with a plurality of pressure chambers, a piezoelectric body that is driven to apply pressure to liquid in the pressure chambers, an upper electrode that is provided above the piezoelectric body for applying a voltage to the piezoelectric body, a lower electrode that is provided below the piezoelectric body for applying a voltage to the piezoelectric body, a detection resistor that is provided below the piezoelectric body for detecting temperature of the liquid in the pressure chambers, and a first wiring portion that is electrically coupled to the detection resistor. The first wiring portion includes a first part that is extended above the piezoelectric body, and a second part that is provided in at least a part of a through hole penetrating the piezoelectric body and electrically coupled to the detection resistor.

A liquid ejecting apparatus includes an ejecting unit that ejects liquid when a drive signal is supplied to the ejecting unit, a drive signal output unit that outputs the drive signal, a cooling unit that cools the drive signal output unit, and a power supply unit that supplies power to the cooling unit. The liquid ejecting apparatus has a first mode in which the drive signal output unit outputs a first drive signal of a first frequency, and a second mode in which the drive signal output unit outputs a second drive signal of a second frequency lower than the first frequency. An amount of power supplied by the power supply unit to the cooling unit in the first mode is larger than an amount of power supplied by the power supply unit to the cooling unit in the second mode.

An ink jet system includes a head unit that includes a nozzle discharging ink, a pressure chamber communicating with the nozzle, and a drive element applying pressure fluctuation to the ink in the pressure chamber by supplying a drive pulse, an acquisition portion that acquires output information including one or both of first output information regarding the head unit and second output information regarding the ink used for the head unit, a first coupling portion that is communicably network-coupled to a server, a first output portion that outputs the output information to the server via the first coupling portion, a first input portion to which input information is input from the server via the first coupling portion, and a determination portion that determines a drive timing of the drive element based on the input information.

A liquid discharge head includes an individual electrode, a common electrode, a piezoelectric body that is provided between the individual electrode and the common electrode for applying pressure to liquid in the pressure chambers, a drive wiring that applies a voltage so as to drive the piezoelectric body, a detection resistor that is formed of the same material as any of the individual electrode, the common electrode, and the drive wiring for detecting temperature of the liquid in the pressure chambers, and a sealing substrate that has a wall portion and a ceiling portion, and protects the piezoelectric body by the wall portion and the ceiling portion. The detection resistor is provided to have a part overlapping the wall portion which is shorter than a part not overlapping the wall portion when viewed along a lamination direction of the piezoelectric body, the individual electrode, and the common electrode.

A fluidic die that includes at least one temperature sensor coupled to at least one zone of the fluidic die, a setpoint register to receive a target temperature setpoint for the fluidic die wherein a detected temperature presented by the at least one temperature sensor is compared to the target temperature setpoint using a comparator module to get a firing pulse adjustment value, and a firing pulse used to convey an amount of fluid within the die is adjusted using the firing pulse adjustment value.

An ink-jet printer including a printing part that is provided with a plurality of printing heads and a distribution tank, a buffer tank, a heat exchanger, a manifold, a main flow pipe that successively connects the buffer tank, the heat exchanger and the manifold to one another, a sub-flow pipe that connects the manifold and the buffer tank with each other, a supply flow pipe for connecting the manifold and the printing part with each other, a collection flow pipe for connecting the printing part and the buffer tank with each other, and pumps respectively installed on the sub-flow pipe, the supply flow pipe and the collection flow pipe. The main flow pipe and the sub-flow pipe constitute a first circulation flow passage for circulating ink, and the main flow pipe, the supply flow pipe and the collection flow pipe constitute a second circulation flow passage for circulating the ink.