In one example, a crystal cell comprises: a first substrate, a second substrate, first spacers and second spacers sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate to define a gap between the first substrate and the second substrate, the first spacers being fixedly bonded to each of the first substrate and the second substrate, the second spacers being movable between the first and second substrates, a sealant sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate and enclosing the first spacers and the second spacers, and a liquid crystal enclosed by the sealant, the first substrate, and the second substrate. Examples of a dimmable glass incorporating liquid crystal cells and methods of manufacturing the liquid crystal cells are also provided.

A laminated pane with electrically controllable optical properties, includes an outer pane and an inner pane that are joined to one another via a thermoplastic intermediate layer, wherein an optoelectronic functional element with electrically controllable optical properties is incorporated into the intermediate layer, including an active layer, to which transparent sheetlike control electrodes are assigned on both surfaces, between a first carrier film and a second carrier film, wherein the intermediate layer, which surrounds the optoelectronic functional element, and the carrier films contain, in each case, thermoplastic material, wherein at least one capacitive touch element is integrated into the optoelectronic functional element such that a portion of at least one control electrode of the optoelectronic functional element is separated and provided with a signal lead for detecting a capacitive touch or approach signal.

A liquid-crystalline media having a negative dielectric anisotropy and a high clearing point as specified herein, is suitable for use of in switchable optical cells in window elements, in particular laminated window elements.

In one example, a crystal cell comprises: a first substrate, a second substrate, first spacers and second spacers sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate to define a gap between the first substrate and the second substrate, the first spacers being fixedly bonded to each of the first substrate and the second substrate, the second spacers being movable between the first and second substrates, a sealant sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate and enclosing the first spacers and the second spacers, and a liquid crystal enclosed by the sealant, the first substrate, and the second substrate. Examples of a dimmable glass incorporating liquid crystal cells and methods of manufacturing the liquid crystal cells are also provided.

Method and composition for switchable panels are disclosed. Switchable films are placed between glass and liquid resin is injected between the glass and cured. The panels may be used for a wide variety of applications.

A pane arrangement includes a first and second pane joined by an intermediate layer, an electro-optical functional element including a first surface electrode, an electro-optical functional layer, and a second surface electrode, wherein the functional element is arranged between the first and second panes, and the first and second surface electrodes face, respectively, the first and second panes, a sensor electrode arranged between the first surface electrode and the first pane and the sensor electrode is capacitively coupled to the first surface electrode, and a capacitive electronic sensor system electrically connected to the sensor electrode. The sensitivity of the electronic sensor system is selected such that when the outer surface of the first pane is touched above the first surface electrode by a human body part or the human body part approaches the outer surface of the first pane above the first surface electrode, a switching signal is emitted.

A composite pane having an electrically controllable functional element that can be switched in segments, includes first and second panes joined to one another via an intermediate layer, and a functional element with a plurality of side edges embedded in the intermediate layer. The functional element includes, arranged flat one over another, a first surface electrode and a second surface electrode, between which an active layer is arranged flat. The first surface electrode is divided into multiple segments by a separating line. A group of first busbars electrically conductively contact the first surface electrode, and each segment of the first surface electrode is electrically conductively contacted by one busbar from the group of the first busbars. A second busbar electrically conductively contacts the second surface electrode.

A composite glass comprises two glass and/or plastic plates and an intermediate foil arranged between the glass and/or plastic plates. The composite glass, due to the intermediate foil, is configured differently in a side-dependent manner, by appearing to a viewer more transparent from an inner side than from an outer side. The composite glass, due to the intermediate foil, appears to the viewer different in a viewing angle-dependent manner from the outer side.

The present disclosure relates to a laminated glazing comprising a first glass substrate and a second glass substrate laminated together having first and second polymer intermediate films therebetween, and a layered film laminated between the polymer intermediate films, wherein the layered film comprises at least three carrier layers positioned parallel to one another with a second carrier layer positioned between first and third carrier layers, wherein a first surface of the first carrier layer is coated with a first transparent conductive coating and a first surface of the second carrier layer is coated with a second transparent conductive coating, wherein the first surface of the first carrier layer faces the first surface of the second carrier layer, and wherein a second surface of the second carrier layer is coated with a third transparent conductive coating and a first surface of the third carrier layer is coated with a fourth transparent conductive coating, wherein the second surface of the second carrier layer faces the first surface of the third carrier layer; a first switchable layer positioned between the first and second carrier layers; and a second switchable layer positioned between the second and third carrier layers.

Provided is a laminate which can not only control the amount of external light transmitted, but can also be used as a mirror. A laminate 1 comprises: a first liquid crystal member 100; a reflection type polarizing member 200; and a second liquid crystal member 300. The first liquid crystal member has first liquid crystal cells with changing orientation states, and a first absorption type polarizing member. The first liquid crystal cells can be switched: between a mode where one type of polarized light of the incident light is blocked and the other type of polarized light is transmitted, and a mode where one type of polarized light of the incident light is blocked and the other type of polarized light is shifted and then transmitted; between a mode where the incident light is transmitted as-is, and a mode where one type of the polarized light is blocked and the other type of polarized light is transmitted; and between a mode where one type of polarized light of the incident light is blocked and the other type of polarized light is transmitted, and a mode where one type of polarized light of the incident light is transmitted and the other type of polarized light is blocked. The reflection type polarizing member receives the light transmitted by the first liquid crystal member, transmits one type of polarized light of the incident light, and reflects the other type of polarized light. The second liquid crystal member has second liquid crystal cells with changing orientation states, and a second absorption type polarizing member. When the reflection type polarizing member has transmitted polarized light, the second liquid crystal cells can be switched between a mode where the polarized light is blocked and a mode where the polarized light is transmitted.