A packed bed catalyst in a pressurized vessel/reactor during contact with a dioxide species precursor enhances catalytic conversion of the precursor to the dioxide species, compared with the same catalytic conversion performed in a non-pressurized vessel/reactor.

A chlorine dioxide solution generating apparatus is provided for use primarily in water treatment. The apparatus has a reaction chamber supplied with metered quantities of an acidic solution and a chlorite or chlorate solution whereby a reservoir of a chlorine dioxide solution is generated and retained within the reaction chamber. A conduit is provided along which a pressurized flow of a motive fluid is fed and with which the interior of the reaction chamber communicates via a dip tube. A venturi is located in the conduit adjacent an outlet from the dip tube whereby suction is applied to the reaction chamber by the pressurized flow of motive fluid. The suction draws chlorine dioxide solution from the reservoir whereby it is entrained into the flow of motive fluid. A controller is provided to control flow of motive fluid and metering of the supply of the solutions to the reaction chamber.

Disclosed herein are methods of producing a gas at a variable rate, the methods comprising dynamically mixing dry particles comprising a precursor and dry particles comprising a proton-generating species to produce a gas and wherein the gas is produced at a rate that is varied by varying the amount of time the dry particles comprising the precursor and the dry particles comprising the proton-generating species are dynamically mixed, the rate at which the dry particles comprising the precursor and the dry particles comprising the proton-generating species are dynamically mixed, or a combination thereof.

A stable aqueous composition of sodium chlorite and a hydrated borate donor having a pH of greater than 9.0 and the weight percent ratio of sodium chlorite (reported as NaClO.sub.2) to hydrated borate donor (reported as the sum of H.sub.2O+B.sub.2O.sub.3) is less than 1.5:1 respectfully. A method of remediating an aqueous system using the stable aqueous composition.

Introducing chlorine dioxide solution into an agricultural soil in an amount effective to suspend weed and pathogen growth in the soil. The chlorine dioxide is allowed to decompose in the soil. Then, a crop is planted in the treated soil. The decomposed chlorine dioxide provides nutrients for the crops as they grow.

Methodologies, systems, and devices are disclosed for generating a chemical compound. A reaction chamber holds an amount of a precursor chemical, an activator chamber holds an amount of an activator chemical, and a quenching and neutralizer chamber holds an amount of quenching and neutralizing chemicals. A pump transfers the activator chemical from the activator chamber to the reaction chamber, where the activator chemical reacts with the precursor chemical to form the desired chemical compound. The desired chemical compound is allowed to exit the reaction chamber. Subsequently, the pump transfers the quenching and neutralizing chemicals from the quenching and neutralizer chamber to the reaction chamber, resulting in a quenched and neutralized solution.

A method of treating biofilm having a protective extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) membrane attached to a surface applies chlorine dioxide to the biofilm attached a surface to disrupt the EPS membrane of the biofilm and thereby expose microbes in the biofilm to microbicide attack and death without detaching the biofilm from the surface.

A method of treating biofilm having a protective extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) membrane attached to a surface applies chlorine dioxide to the biofilm attached a surface to disrupt the EPS membrane of the biofilm and thereby expose microbes in the biofilm to microbicide attack and death without detaching the biofilm from the surface.

An aerosol product which comprises a first container that is filled with a first liquid, a second container that is filled with a second liquid, and a propellant, while having an ejection mechanism that ejects and mixes the first liquid and the second liquid, and which is characterized in that: the first liquid contains an aqueous chlorite solution; and the second liquid contains an aqueous solution of an acidic substance.

A chemical disinfection process for vehicles using chlorine dioxide and titanium dioxide with calculated re-treatment formulas and schedules based on bacterial infestation data. Systems and methods that include client devices and servers that monitor and control a chemical disinfection process. The system generates a surety arrangement that facilitates re-treatment and electronic notification alerts to chemical solution vendors, dealers and vehicle owners.