Disclosed herein is a method and device for production of a new long-term storage-stable allotropic modification of oxygen, tetraoxygen O.sub.4, using a combination of known chemical reactions into one technological sequence, including chemical interaction of negative and positive oxidation state oxygen compounds. The method involves production of dioxygen difluoride by oxidation of molecular oxygen with fluorine, followed by the reaction of dioxygen difluoride with alkali metal peroxide, forming tetraoxygen O.sub.4. Tetraoxygen is stable in its liquid state up to a temperature of +40° C. and can be used for the oxidation of rocket fuel, long-term compact storage of oxygen, and many other purposes.

Improved methods for reducing and preventing nosocomial infections is provide comprising installing one or more dry hydrogen peroxide (DHP) generating devices into a healthcare treatment area, producing DHP, and maintaining the concentration between 1.0 parts-per-billion (ppb) and 200 ppb.

An aqueous composition comprising: sulfuric acid; a compound comprising an amine moiety; a compound comprising a sulfonic acid moiety; and a peroxide. Said composition being capable of delignifying biomass.

An aqueous composition comprising: sulfuric acid; a compound comprising an amine moiety; a compound comprising a sulfonic acid moiety; and a peroxide. Said composition being capable of delignifying biomass.

A system and method for formulating a medical treatment effluent by performing plasma reactions creating a plasma area in a gas adjacent to a liquid. An embodiment of the plasma reactor includes a housing with an internal reaction chamber, first and second inlet paths to the reaction chamber, and electrodes for producing an electric field. The system may optionally further include a pre-ionization electrode and pre-ionization electric field for pre-ionizing a feed gas prior to entry into a reaction chamber. The reactor uses plasma to ionize gas adjacent with the liquid. The ionized gas reacts with the liquid to form an effluent. Exemplary medical treatments include: immunization (immuno) therapy; wound treatment; cancer treatment; and disinfectant applications.

The invention relates to methods, compositions and kits for determining the cleanness of a surface. Described herein is a kit for determining the cleanness of a surface comprising an enzymatic solution comprising catalase; and a developer solution comprising hydrogen peroxide. Described also is a method for determining the cleanness of a surface comprising: applying on a zone of a surface to be cleaned an enzymatic solution comprising catalase and letting it dry; after cleaning said surface, applying on said zone a developer solution comprising hydrogen peroxide; and detecting a catalytic reaction between remaining catalase and hydrogen peroxide, wherein presence of a catalytic reaction is indicative of a surface not properly cleaned. Also provided are specific enzymatic solutions and developer solutions for the kits and methods.

The invention relates to methods, compositions and kits for determining the cleanness of a surface. Described herein is a kit for determining the cleanness of a surface comprising an enzymatic solution comprising catalase; and a developer solution comprising hydrogen peroxide. Described also is a method for determining the cleanness of a surface comprising: applying on a zone of a surface to be cleaned an enzymatic solution comprising catalase and letting it dry; after cleaning said surface, applying on said zone a developer solution comprising hydrogen peroxide; and detecting a catalytic reaction between remaining catalase and hydrogen peroxide, wherein presence of a catalytic reaction is indicative of a surface not properly cleaned. Also provided are specific enzymatic solutions and developer solutions for the kits and methods.

A sterilization, disinfection, sanitization, or decontamination system having a chamber defining a region, and a generator for creating a free radical effluent with reactive oxygen, nitrogen, and other species and/or a vaporizer. A closed loop circulating system without a free-radical destroyer is provided for supplying the mixture of free radicals from the generator mixed with the hydrogen peroxide solution in the form of the effluent to the chamber. The system is used in sterilizing, disinfecting, sanitizing, or decontaminating items in the chamber or room and, with a wound chamber, in treating wounds on a body. The wound chamber may be designed to maintain separation from wounds being treated. Various embodiments can control moisture to reduce or avoid unwanted condensation. Some embodiments can be incorporated into an appliance having a closed space, such as a washing machine. Some embodiments may include a residual coating device that deposits a bactericidal coating on sterilized items.

An advanced oxidation water treatment system includes an ozone reaction tank; a first hydrogen peroxide supplier which supplies hydrogen peroxide to treatment water in a supply line supplying the treatment water to the ozone reaction tank; an ozone generator which generates and supplies an ozonized gas containing ozone to the ozone reaction tank; a second hydrogen peroxide supplier which can supply additional hydrogen peroxide to the ozone reaction tank downstream of where the ozonized gas is supplied; a meter which measures water quality of the treatment water at a location downstream of where the ozonized gas is supplied; and a controller which determines whether and how much additional hydrogen peroxide is to be supplied by the second hydrogen peroxide supplier based on the water quality measured by the meter, and to control the second hydrogen peroxide supplier accordingly.

Disclosed are methods relating to an extruded pregelatinized, partially hydrolyzed starch prepared by mixing at least water, non-pregelatinized starch, and acid to form a starch precursor. The acid can be a weak acid that substantially avoids chelating calcium ions or a strong acid in a small amount. In the method, pregelatinization and acid-modification of the starch precursor occurs in one step in an extruder. Also disclosed are methods of preparing board using the starch prepared according to the methods, as well as starches and boards prepared by various methods of the invention.