An aqueous composition comprising: sulfuric acid; a modifying agent comprising an amine group; and a peroxide. The amine group can include triethanolamine, diethanolamine, monoethanolamine, pyrrolidine, ethylenediamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, DIPEA, cyclohexylamine, piperidine, morpholine, DBU, benzylamine, and combinations thereof. The composition is capable of delignifying biomass under milder conditions than conditions under which kraft pulping takes place. The composition can be used in processing and depolymerization of cellulose from a plant source.

An aqueous composition comprising: sulfuric acid; a modifying agent comprising an amine group; and a peroxide. The amine group can include triethanolamine, diethanolamine, monoethanolamine, pyrrolidine, ethylenediamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, DIPEA, cyclohexylamine, piperidine, morpholine, DBU, benzylamine, and combinations thereof. The composition is capable of delignifying biomass under milder conditions than conditions under which kraft pulping takes place. The composition can be used in processing and depolymerization of cellulose from a plant source.

The present invention relates to novel crystalline forms of ACP-196 (acalabrutinib) salts, compared with the known solid form of ACP-196, the crystalline forms of ACP-196 salts of the present invention have advantages in crystallinity, solubility and hygroscopicity. The present invention also relates to the preparation methods for the preparation of the crystalline forms of ACP-196 salts, pharmaceutical compositions thereof and their uses in the preparation of methods for treating and/or preventing diseases mediated by Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK), such as autoimmune diseases or disorders, xenoimmune diseases or disorders, cancer, including lymphoma and inflammatory diseases or disorders.

The present invention relates to novel crystalline forms of ACP-196 (acalabrutinib) salts, compared with the known solid form of ACP-196, the crystalline forms of ACP-196 salts of the present invention have advantages in crystallinity, solubility and hygroscopicity. The present invention also relates to the preparation methods for the preparation of the crystalline forms of ACP-196 salts, pharmaceutical compositions thereof and their uses in the preparation of methods for treating and/or preventing diseases mediated by Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK), such as autoimmune diseases or disorders, xenoimmune diseases or disorders, cancer, including lymphoma and inflammatory diseases or disorders.

A one-pot process to separate lignin from a lignocellulosic feedstock, where the process involves the steps of: providing a vessel; providing the lignocellulosic feedstock; providing a composition that includes: an acid; a modifying agent including a compound containing an amine group; and a peroxide; exposing the lignocellulosic feedstock to the composition in the vessel for a period of time sufficient to remove at least 80% of the lignin present in the lignocellulosic feedstock; and, optionally, separating and removing a liquid phase that includes dissolved lignin fragments from a solid phase containing cellulose fibres.

A one-pot process to separate lignin from a lignocellulosic feedstock, where the process involves the steps of: providing a vessel; providing the lignocellulosic feedstock; providing a composition that includes: an acid; a modifying agent including a compound containing an amine group; and a peroxide; exposing the lignocellulosic feedstock to the composition in the vessel for a period of time sufficient to remove at least 80% of the lignin present in the lignocellulosic feedstock; and, optionally, separating and removing a liquid phase that includes dissolved lignin fragments from a solid phase containing cellulose fibres.

A process for recycling of a mixed acid containing nitrosyl sulfuric acid and sulfuric acid to obtain nitric acid and sulfuric acid, the process including adding (i) a dilute nitric acid to (ii) the mixed acid comprising nitrosyl sulfuric acid and sulfuric acid to effect the decomposition of the nitrosyl sulfuric acid and to obtain (iii) a liquid phase and (iv) a gaseous phase, adding steam to the liquid phase to separate (v) a purified sulfuric acid, and evaporate (vi) a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and nitrogen oxides, cooling the gas phase and the mixture of nitric acid and nitrogen oxides in order to separately obtain (vii) a purified nitric acid condensate and (viii) nitrogen oxides, absorbing nitrogen oxides (viii) in water to obtain dilute nitric acid (ix), and optionally, introducing at least part of the obtained dilute nitric acid (ix) into the process.

Disclosed are methods for preparing and collecting a polyaromatic compound. Also disclosed are products comprising a polyaromatic compound.

Disclosed are methods for preparing and collecting a polyaromatic compound. Also disclosed are products comprising a polyaromatic compound.

A method for reducing the mutagenicity of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAC's) having one or more bay regions which involves alkylating the PAC's with an alkylating agent in the presence of a catalyst to lower the mutagenicity down to as much as about 0.1. The resulting alkylated polycyclic aromatic compounds retain their physical and chemical properties for safe industrial use including as rubber processing oils, inks, etc.