A method for generation of material in a liquid phase comprising a step of subjecting the liquid phase to a nanosecond-pulsed discharge plasma.

A method of attaching an azide moiety to a biomolecule. The method entails contacting a biomolecule in a solution with an azide and an oxidizing agent, for a time and at a temperature wherein at least one azide moiety is covalently bonded to the biomolecule to yield an azidylated biomolecule. The method can be used to identify hydrophobic microenvironments in soluble proteins. Also, a method of attaching a reagent comprising an alkyne to a biomolecule. The method comprises reacting a biomolecule in a solution with an azide and a reagent comprising an alkyne, for a time and at a temperature wherein at least one reagent comprising an alkyne is covalently bonded to the biomolecule via triazole linkage.

Provided is a method for preparing copper azide and cuprous azide encapsulated by conductive metal-organic framework. The method uses a conductive copper-containing metal-organic framework material as a precursor, and completes the azidation of the precursor by means of a liquid-solid electrochemical azidation reaction. Copper azide and cuprous azide nanocrystals are highly uniformly embedded within a conductive framework, which may effectively avoid the agglomeration of copper azide and cuprous azide, and reduce static charge generated by friction, displacement, and the like. Meanwhile, the conductive framework may promote the effective transfer of charge, avoid the accumulation of static charge, and improve the electrostatic safety. In addition, the liquid-solid electrochemical azidation reaction has advantages such as being safe and efficient, having a short reaction time and having strong operability, and the preparation process is compatible with a MEMS process, which is beneficial for the application of copper azide and cuprous azide materials in micro devices.