A positive electrode material of the present disclosure includes: a material represented by the following composition formula (1); and a carbon material capable of occluding at least one selected from the group consisting of a simple substance of halogen and a halide, Li.sub.aM.sub.bX.sub.c . . . Formula (1) where a, b, and c are each a value greater than 0, M includes at least one selected from the group consisting of metal elements other than Li and metalloid elements, and X includes a halogen element.

An electrolytic cell includes a liquid metal cathode, an anode, and a molten salt electrolyte in contact with the liquid metal cathode and the anode. The molten salt electrolyte includes carbonate ions, and the electrolytic cell is configured to reduce the carbonate ions at the surface of the cathode or in the vicinity of the cathode to yield a carbon material and oxide ions. Producing a carbon material in the electrolytic cell includes providing carbonate ions to the electrolytic cell, reducing the carbonate ions at the liquid metal cathode to yield the carbon material, and removing the carbon material from the electrolytic cell.

An object is to provide a composition which has performance, such as emission wavelength, of carbon quantum dots in a desired range and in which carbon quantum dots and layered clay minerals are uniformly dispersed, and a method for producing the composition to obtain the composition simply and easily.

The carbon quantum dot-containing composition achieving the object described above containing a carbon quantum dot obtained by reacting a solid organic compound having a reactive group in the presence of a layered clay mineral, and the layered clay mineral.

An object is to provide a composition which has performance, such as emission wavelength, of carbon quantum dots in a desired range and in which carbon quantum dots and layered clay minerals are uniformly dispersed, and a method for producing the composition to obtain the composition simply and easily.

The carbon quantum dot-containing composition achieving the object described above containing a carbon quantum dot obtained by reacting a solid organic compound having a reactive group in the presence of a layered clay mineral, and the layered clay mineral.

A nanocarbon separation method includes: a step of preparing a plurality of liquids with different specific gravities in which at least one of the plurality of liquids is a dispersion liquid in which a mixture of nanocarbons with different properties is dispersed; a step of sequentially injecting the plurality of liquids into an electrophoresis tank so that the specific gravities of the liquids decrease from a bottom to a top of the liquids in a direction of gravitational force; and a step of separating the mixture of the nanocarbons by moving a part of the mixture toward an electrode side disposed in an upper part of the electrophoresis tank and moving a remainder of the mixture toward an electrode side disposed in a lower part of the electrophoresis tank by applying a direct current voltage to the electrodes.

The present invention relates to a negative active material for a lithium secondary battery, a preparation method therefor, and a lithium secondary battery including the same. The negative electrode active material is a negative electrode material for a secondary battery, the negative electrode active material comprising a silicon-carbon composite comprising: a core comprising crystalline carbon and silicon particles; and an amorphous carbon-containing coating layer disposed on a surface of the core, wherein the negative electrode active material comprises: silicon oxide formed on a surface of the silicon particles; and an oxide of crystalline carbon, formed on a surface of the crystalline carbon, the average particle diameter (D50) of the silicon particles having a nanometer size, the proportion of O relative to Si in the silicon oxide is 30%-50%, and the proportion of O relative to C in the oxide of the crystalline carbon is 4%-10%.

The embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a method, system and composition producing a magnetic carbon nanomaterial product that may comprise carbon nanotubes (CNTs) at least some of which are magnetic CNTs (mCNTs). The method and apparatus employ carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) as a reactant in an electrolysis reaction in order to make mCNTs. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, a magnetic additive component is included as a reactant in the method and as a portion of one or more components in the system or composition to facilitate a magnetic material addition process, a carbide nucleation process or both during the electrosynthesis reaction for making magnetic carbon nanomaterials.

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to an apparatus, system and method for making an admixture of a polymer and carbon nanomaterials (CNM). The admixture of such embodiments comprise about 10% or less by weight (wt %) of CNMs. The CNM content of such admixture may impart new or enhanced properties to the admix and to materials and products made therefrom. Such new or enhanced products may include enhanced tensile strength, new or enhanced electronic medical, structural thermal, catalytic properties or any combination thereof.

Method of obtainment of nanomaterials composed of carbonaceous material and metal oxides. The present invention refers to a method of obtainment of nanomaterials composed of two or more components, wherein at least one of these components is a carbonaceous material and at least another of the components is a metal oxide. The method of the present invention permits preparing these nanomaterials in liquid medium at moderate pressures and temperatures, in industrial quantities, and controlling the physicochemical properties of said nanomaterials by means of control of the parameters of synthesis.

A carbon nanoparticle and methods of making and using a carbon nanoparticle are provided. The carbon nanoparticle includes a reaction product of an organic reactant, an alkoxy amine, and an organometallic compound. The organometallic compound includes an element selected from the group consisting of a rare earth element, a transition metal element, and combinations thereof, and the carbon nanoparticle includes from 0.5 to 50 wt. % of the element. A method of making the carbon nanoparticle is also provided. The method includes combining the organic reactant, the alkoxy amine, and the organometallic compound into a mixture and heating the mixture such that the carbon nanoparticle forms. A method of determining a flow characteristic of a formation or an attribute of a fluid in a formation using the carbon nanoparticle is also provided.