Silicon particles for active materials and electro-chemical cells are provided. The active materials comprising silicon particles described herein can be utilized as an electrode material for a battery. In certain embodiments, the composite material includes greater than 0% and less than about 90% by weight silicon particles, the silicon particles having an average particle size between about 10 nm and about 40 μm, wherein the silicon particles have surface coatings comprising silicon carbide or a mixture of carbon and silicon carbide, and greater than 0% and less than about 90% by weight of one or more types of carbon phases, wherein at least one of the one or more types of carbon phases is a substantially continuous phase.

The present invention relates to an electrode active material, a method for manufacturing the same, and a lithium secondary battery comprising the same. A method for producing carbide using bean curd or waste bean curd according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises the steps of: drying bean curd or waste bean curd; thermally treating the dried bean curd or waste bean curd under an air atmosphere; and carbonizing the thermally treated bean curd or waste bean curd under an inert gas atmosphere.

The present invention relates to an electrode active material, a method for manufacturing the same, and a lithium secondary battery comprising the same. A method for producing carbide using bean curd or waste bean curd according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises the steps of: drying bean curd or waste bean curd; thermally treating the dried bean curd or waste bean curd under an air atmosphere; and carbonizing the thermally treated bean curd or waste bean curd under an inert gas atmosphere.

Provided are methods of using MXene compositions to selectively adsorb analytes such as toxic industrial chemicals, opioids, and nerve agents. Also provided are MXene compositions configured to effect selective adsorption of analytes.

The present disclosure is directed to compositions comprising at least one layer having first and second surfaces, each layer comprising: a substantially two-dimensional array of crystal cells, each crystal cell having an empirical formula of M′.sub.2M″nX.sub.n+1, such that each X is positioned within an octahedral array of M′ and M″; wherein M′ and M″ each comprise different Group 11113, WE, VB, or VIB metals; each X is C, N, or a combination thereof; n=1 or 2; and wherein the M′ atoms are substantially present as two-dimensional outer arrays of atoms within the two-dimensional array of crystal cells; the M″ atoms are substantially present as two-dimensional inner arrays of atoms within the two-dimensional array of crystal cells; and the two dimensional inner arrays of M″ atoms are sandwiched between the two-dimensional outer arrays of M′ atoms within the two-dimensional army of crystal cells.

The present disclosure is directed to compositions comprising at least one layer having first and second surfaces, each layer comprising: a substantially two-dimensional array of crystal cells, each crystal cell having an empirical formula of M′.sub.2M″nX.sub.n+1, such that each X is positioned within an octahedral array of M′ and M″; wherein M′ and M″ each comprise different Group 11113, WE, VB, or VIB metals; each X is C, N, or a combination thereof; n=1 or 2; and wherein the M′ atoms are substantially present as two-dimensional outer arrays of atoms within the two-dimensional array of crystal cells; the M″ atoms are substantially present as two-dimensional inner arrays of atoms within the two-dimensional array of crystal cells; and the two dimensional inner arrays of M″ atoms are sandwiched between the two-dimensional outer arrays of M′ atoms within the two-dimensional army of crystal cells.

The following two problems arise when carbon is added to a starting material powder in the process of production of an MgB.sub.2 superconductor: (1) an impurity phase increases; and (2) the degree of substitution of carbon at boron sites is spatially non-uniform. This superconductor production method comprises: a mixing step of mixing a starting material powder and an additive; and a heat treatment step of heat-treating the mixture prepared in the mixing step. The starting material powder is MgB.sub.2 powder or a mixed powder of magnesium and boron, and the additive is an Mg—B—C compound containing three elements of magnesium, boron and carbon.

These spherical carbon particles have a total strength xy of 50 Mpa or greater when the crushing strength of primary particles of the carbon particles is x (MPa) and the spherical particle percentage is y.

Disclosed herein is a material suitable for the adsorption, storage and release of volatile organic compounds comprising: a porous thin film layer formed from nanosheets of one or more MXenes.

Silicon particles for active materials and electro-chemical cells are provided. The active materials comprising silicon particles described herein can be utilized as an electrode material for a battery. In certain embodiments, the composite material includes greater than 0% and less than about 90% by weight silicon particles, the silicon particles having an average particle size between about 10 nm and about 40 μm, wherein the silicon particles have surface coatings comprising silicon carbide or a mixture of carbon and silicon carbide, and greater than 0% and less than about 90% by weight of one or more types of carbon phases, wherein at least one of the one or more types of carbon phases is a substantially continuous phase.