A carbonized composition is formed by a process including providing an organic composition formed into a predetermined configuration, forming a protective layer over the organic composition, increasing temperature to carbonize the organic composition and form the carbonized composition, and removing the protective layer from the carbonized composition, wherein the carbonized composition has substantially the predetermined configuration. In a number of embodiments, the organic composition includes a nucleic acid. In a number of embodiments, the organic composition consists of a nucleic acid. The nucleic acid may, for example, be DNA.

The present disclosure is directed to nanocomposites comprising a co-sintered composition of a MXene crystal form composition and an inorganic oxide, or oxide-type ceramic and methods of making and using the same.

A particulate material with a composition expressed by M.sub.aAl.sub.bX.sub.c in which “M” includes one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf and Ta and “X” includes C or one or more chemical structures selected from the group consisting of C.sub.(1.0−x)N.sub.x (where “x” is 0<“x”≤1.0), wherein: “a” is two or three; “b” is more than 0.02; and “c” is from 0.8 to 1.2 when “a” is two; or “c” is from 1.8 to 2.6 when “a” is 3. The particulate material has thicknesses whose average value is from 3.5 nm or more to 20 nm or less, and sizes, [{(longer sides)+(shorter sides)}/2], whose average value is from 50 nm or more to 300 nm or less.

A method of making a layered MXene material comprises a) introducing dried MAX phase powder into a vessel under anhydrous, inert conditions, the MAX phase powder comprising a general formula of M.sub.n+1AX.sub.n (n=1, 2, 3, or 4), wherein M is a transition metal or p-block metalloid selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Re, Cu, Ni, Ag, Zn, Cd, In, Sn, and Pb; interlayer A is a Group III, IV, or V metalloid selected from the group consisting of Al, Si, Ga, Ge, In, Sn, Pb, As, Bi, Sb, and X is one of C (carbon) and N (nitrogen); b) introducing a halogen and solvent to the dried MAX phase to create a halogen solution having a predetermined concentration; c) allowing a reaction to proceed for about 24 hours between 30-90 C. to create a reaction slurry comprising a MXene material.

The present disclosure relates to a surface-modified two-dimensional MXene and a method for manufacturing the same, and in particular, to a surface-modified two-dimensional MXene having the surface modified with a compound including a hydroxyl group or an ionic compound, thereby preventing oxidation of MXene and improving dispersibility.

A ceramic powder containing at least one of a nitride and a carbonitride of a metal element as a major component, the metal element being one or more elements selected from the group consisting of a group 4 element, a group 5 element and a group 6 element, the ceramic powder having particles having an average particle size of 5 m or less, and an oxygen content of 0.3% by mass or less.

A ceramic powder containing at least one of a nitride and a carbonitride of a metal element as a major component, the metal element being one or more elements selected from the group consisting of a group 4 element, a group 5 element and a group 6 element, the ceramic powder having particles having an average particle size of 5 m or less, and an oxygen content of 0.3% by mass or less.

For the first time, components can be produced from MAX-phases due to the use of an additive production method. A method for producing a component from MAX phases, in particular from Ti.sub.3SiC.sub.2 and/or Cr.sub.2AlC, in which an additive manufacturing process is disclosed. Powder is applied layer by layer and densified, the grain sizes of the powder lying at 10 m to 60 m, in which the scanning speed between the energy beam of the laser or electron beam and substrate with powder lies between 400 mm/s and 2000 mm/s, in particular at 1000 mm/s to 1500 mm/s, in which the power output is between 80 W and 250 W, in particular is 100 W to 170 W, in which a spot size of the energy beam lies between 30 m and 300 m.

For the first time, components can be produced from MAX-phases due to the use of an additive production method. A method for producing a component from MAX phases, in particular from Ti.sub.3SiC.sub.2 and/or Cr.sub.2AlC, in which an additive manufacturing process is disclosed. Powder is applied layer by layer and densified, the grain sizes of the powder lying at 10 m to 60 m, in which the scanning speed between the energy beam of the laser or electron beam and substrate with powder lies between 400 mm/s and 2000 mm/s, in particular at 1000 mm/s to 1500 mm/s, in which the power output is between 80 W and 250 W, in particular is 100 W to 170 W, in which a spot size of the energy beam lies between 30 m and 300 m.

Provided is a carbonaceous material for a negative electrode active material additive for a lithium secondary battery, which has D.sub.v50 of 6 m or less and D.sub.n50 of 1 m or less. According to the carbonaceous material for a negative electrode active material additive for a lithium secondary battery of an embodiment of the present invention, since lithium ions may be rapidly adsorbed to and desorbed from a negative electrode adopting the carbonaceous material, output characteristics of a lithium secondary battery including the carbonaceous material are improved, and since a decrease in a capacity is small even when repeatedly charged and discharged, life characteristics are excellent.