The invention provides a method for the preparation of an amorphous silicate of at least one metal from the Group 4 of the Periodic Table of Elements with a total pore volume of at least 0.3 mL/g. The method of preparation involves the use of pore shaping conditions, which can be the use of a pore shaper and optionally an increased precipitation temperature, e.g. at least 60° C. The silicate of the invention is especially suitable in catalytic reactions such as esterifications, Michael additions, transesterifications, (ep)oxidations, hydroxylations, or in adsorbance of small inorganic and organic molecules e.g. CO.sub.2 or aromatic compounds.

An article may include a substrate and a coating system on the substrate. The coating system may include a thermal barrier coating (TBC) layer and a CMAS resistant layer on the TBC layer. The CMAS layer includes a rare-earth (RE) monosilicate composition including a plurality of RE metal cations, wherein RE monosilicate composition is configured to react with CMAS to form a reaction product including a RE apatite phase with a RE.sub.2O.sub.3.SiO.sub.2 composition, wherein the RE of the RE.sub.2O.sub.3.SiO.sub.2 composition includes at least one of the plurality of RE metal cations of the RE monosilicate.

An article may include a substrate and a coating system on the substrate. The coating system may include a thermal barrier coating (TBC) layer and a CMAS resistant layer on the TBC layer. The CMAS layer includes a rare-earth (RE) monosilicate composition including a plurality of RE metal cations, wherein RE monosilicate composition is configured to react with CMAS to form a reaction product including a RE apatite phase with a RE.sub.2O.sub.3.SiO.sub.2 composition, wherein the RE of the RE.sub.2O.sub.3.SiO.sub.2 composition includes at least one of the plurality of RE metal cations of the RE monosilicate.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing a pulverulent, porous crystalline metal silicate, comprising the following steps: a) hydrothermal synthesis in an aqueous mixture comprising (A) at least one silicon source, (B) at least one metal source and (C) at least one mineralizer to obtain an aqueous suspension comprising a porous crystalline metal silicate as reaction product; and b) calcination of the reaction product, characterized in that the calcination is conducted by means of flame spray pyrolysis at an adiabatic combustion temperature within a range of 450-2200° C., wherein the suspension having a solids content of 70% by weight which is obtained in step a) is sprayed into a flame generated by combustion of a fuel in the presence of oxygen to form a pulverulent, porous crystalline metal silicate.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing a pulverulent, porous crystalline metal silicate, comprising the following steps: a) hydrothermal synthesis in an aqueous mixture comprising (A) at least one silicon source, (B) at least one metal source and (C) at least one mineralizer to obtain an aqueous suspension comprising a porous crystalline metal silicate as reaction product; and b) calcination of the reaction product, characterized in that the calcination is conducted by means of flame spray pyrolysis at an adiabatic combustion temperature within a range of 450-2200° C., wherein the suspension having a solids content of 70% by weight which is obtained in step a) is sprayed into a flame generated by combustion of a fuel in the presence of oxygen to form a pulverulent, porous crystalline metal silicate.

A silicate mixture and a combustion accelerator increase combustion efficiency in a combustion engine. The silicate mixture is formed by mixing a first component including one or two or more materials selected from silicon compounds including silicon, glass, and quartz, and a second component including one or two or more materials selected from materials formed by sintering a silicate mineral at a temperature of 1300° C. or higher and 2000° C. or lower and ores emitting a terahertz wave.

A silicate mixture and a combustion accelerator increase combustion efficiency in a combustion engine. The silicate mixture is formed by mixing a first component including one or two or more materials selected from silicon compounds including silicon, glass, and quartz, and a second component including one or two or more materials selected from materials formed by sintering a silicate mineral at a temperature of 1300° C. or higher and 2000° C. or lower and ores emitting a terahertz wave.

An oriented apatite-type oxide ion conductor includes a composite oxide expressed as A.sub.9.33+x[T.sub.6.00−yM.sub.y]O.sub.26.0+z, where A represents one or two or more elements selected from the group consisting of La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba, T represents an element including Si or Ge or both, and M represents one or two or more elements selected from the group consisting of B, Ge, Zn, Sn, W, and Mo, and where x is from −1.00 to 1.00, y is from 0.40 to less than 1.00, and z is from −3.00 to 2.00.

The present invention provides a positive-electrode active material for a lithium-ion secondary cell or a sodium-ion secondary cell, which can effectively exhibit more excellent charge/discharge characteristics; and a method for manufacturing the positive-electrode active material. Namely, the present invention relates to a positive-electrode active material for a secondary cell comprising an oxide represented by formula (A): LiFe.sub.aMn.sub.bM.sub.cPO.sub.4, formula (B): LiFe.sub.aMn.sub.bM.sub.cSiO.sub.4, or formula (C): NaFe.sub.gMn.sub.hQ.sub.iPO.sub.4; and carbon derived from a cellulose nanofiber supported thereon.

The present invention provides a positive-electrode active material for a lithium-ion secondary cell or a sodium-ion secondary cell, which can effectively exhibit more excellent charge/discharge characteristics; and a method for manufacturing the positive-electrode active material. Namely, the present invention relates to a positive-electrode active material for a secondary cell comprising an oxide represented by formula (A): LiFe.sub.aMn.sub.bM.sub.cPO.sub.4, formula (B): LiFe.sub.aMn.sub.bM.sub.cSiO.sub.4, or formula (C): NaFe.sub.gMn.sub.hQ.sub.iPO.sub.4; and carbon derived from a cellulose nanofiber supported thereon.