The present disclosure discloses a method for growing a crystal in oxygen atmosphere. The method may include compensating a weight of a reactant, introducing a flowing gas, improving a volume ratio of oxygen during a cooling process, providing a heater in a temperature field, and optimizing parameters. According to the method, problems may be solved, for example, cracking and component deviation of the crystal during a crystal growth process, and without oxygen-free vacancy. The method for growing the crystal may have excellent repeatability and crystal performance consistency.

The present disclosure discloses a method for growing a crystal in oxygen atmosphere. The method may include compensating a weight of a reactant, introducing a flowing gas, improving a volume ratio of oxygen during a cooling process, providing a heater in a temperature field, and optimizing parameters. According to the method, problems may be solved, for example, cracking and component deviation of the crystal during a crystal growth process, and without oxygen-free vacancy. The method for growing the crystal may have excellent repeatability and crystal performance consistency.

A method and system for producing highly activated silicate material, wherein the silicate source material is provided for reaction with a reforming agent in a reforming process. The reforming process is a hydrothermal process and/or a high temperature silicate reforming (HTSR) process. A heat source heats reaction materials to a reaction temperature in the presence of a reaction medium. For the hydrothermal reaction process, the reaction medium and heat source are an exhausted steam that is a byproduct of another industrial process. For the HTSR process, the silicate source material and the heat source are a molten slag byproduct from another industrial process.

A method and system for producing highly activated silicate material, wherein the silicate source material is provided for reaction with a reforming agent in a reforming process. The reforming process is a hydrothermal process and/or a high temperature silicate reforming (HTSR) process. A heat source heats reaction materials to a reaction temperature in the presence of a reaction medium. For the hydrothermal reaction process, the reaction medium and heat source are an exhausted steam that is a byproduct of another industrial process. For the HTSR process, the silicate source material and the heat source are a molten slag byproduct from another industrial process.

Disclosed herein are embodiments of composite hexagonal ferrite materials formed from a combination of Y phase and Z phase hexagonal ferrite materials. Advantageously, embodiments of the material can have a high resonant frequency as well as a high permeability. In some embodiments, the materials can be useful for magnetodielectric antennas.

A negative electrode active material for a secondary battery includes a silicate composite particle. The silicate composite particle contains silicate phases, silicon particles dispersed in the silicate phases, and a carbon phase. The silicate phases contain at least one selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal and an alkaline earth metal. At least parts of the carbon phase coat at least parts of surfaces of the silicon particles.

Catalysts for the direct decomposition of NO are provided. The catalysts comprise SiO.sub.2 pillared magadiite or ilerite comprising intercalated Cu, Fe or Mn oxide. Methods and systems for using the catalysts to directly decompose NO are also provided.

Catalysts for the direct decomposition of NO are provided. The catalysts comprise SiO.sub.2 pillared magadiite or ilerite comprising intercalated Cu, Fe or Mn oxide. Methods and systems for using the catalysts to directly decompose NO are also provided.

A process can be used for the preparation of an up-conversion phosphor of the general formula (I):

A.sub.1-x-y-zB*.sub.yB.sub.2SiO.sub.4:Ln.sup.1.sub.x,Ln.sup.2.sub.z,   (I).

The process involves preparing a mixture, introducing the mixture into a reaction chamber of a thermal apparatus, heating the mixture until a thermal treatment temperature is reached with a heating ramp, thermally treating the heated mixture for a holding time of at least 0.02 h, cooling the thermally treated material to room temperature while maintaining a cooling ramp, and obtaining a silicate-based lanthanoid ion-doped phosphor according to formula (I).

The malleable ceramics taught in this application are formed from silica or silicon dioxide and transition metal compounds comprising titanium dioxide, iron (II) oxide, manganese (II) oxide, cobalt (II) oxide (MO) or salts thereof in a process of sintering or melting together in a suitable crucible within a specific mol ratio. The selected M/Si mol ratio comprises 1.6/1.0 to 1.9/1.0.

These materials sinter above 1,100° C., where sintered parts exhibit densities near 3 grams/cubic centimeter and melt at higher temperatures. Thus, these materials form in a temperature range comprising 1,100° C. to 1,800° C. Malleable ceramic materials prepared as described herein deform when struck firmly with a hammer and do not fracture. Repeated striking increases the deformation or denting just like a piece of low alloy steel.