Methods and systems are provided for making gasoline. The method includes converting a resid-containing feed to a first fuel gas and a fluid coke in a fluidized bed reactor; gasifying the fluid coke with steam and air to produce a second fuel gas, said second fuel gas comprising a syngas; contacting the first fuel gas with a first conversion catalyst under first effective conversion conditions to form an effluent comprising C.sub.5+ hydrocarbon compounds; and converting the syngas to gasoline boiling range hydrocarbons by converting the syngas to a methanol intermediate product.

A combined anaerobic digester system and gas-to-liquid system is disclosed. The anaerobic digester requires heat, and produces methane. The gas-to-liquid system produces heat, and converts methane to higher-value products, including methanol and formaldehyde. As such, the combination of the two systems results in significant savings in terms of capital and operating expenses. A process for producing bio-formaldehyde and bio-formalin from biogas is also disclosed.

Systems and methods are provided for capturing CO.sub.2 from a combustion source using molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs). At least a portion of the anode exhaust can be recycled for use as a fuel for the combustion source. Optionally, a second portion of the anode exhaust can be recycled for use as part of an anode input stream. This can allow for a reduction in the amount of fuel cell area required for separating CO.sub.2 from the combustion source exhaust and/or modifications in how the fuel cells can be operated.

A method for generating a gas-product includes: a) providing a first part of a feed stream; b) providing a second part of a feed stream; c) combining the first part of the feed stream with the second part of the feed stream into the feed stream; d) heating at least one of: the first part of the feed stream, the second part of the feed stream before step c, the feed stream after step c; e) conducting the feed stream into a reactor; f) reacting the feed stream into the gas-product. To reduce investment and in particular the footprint of the machine step d) is at least partly performed by compressing the respective stream by a supersonic compressor such that the respective stream is heated.

Methods of preparing syngas are provided. An exemplary method can include hydrogenation of carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) via a reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction. Catalysts that include Cu and/or Mn can be used, and the RWGS reaction can be conducted at a temperature greater than 600 C. The syngas produced from hydrogenation of CO.sub.2 can be used to generate light olefins via a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FT) reaction.

In various aspects, systems and methods are provided for operating a molten carbonate fuel cell assembly at increased power density. This can be accomplished in part by performing an effective amount of an endothermic reaction within the fuel cell stack in an integrated manner. This can allow for increased power density while still maintaining a desired temperature differential within the fuel cell assembly.

Disclosed herein are methods of producing metal sulfide materials, including cathode materials. In some embodiments, the metal sulfide material comprises a secondary cluster of metal sulfide nanoparticles surrounded by a carbon layer. The carbon layer may be created by carbonizing one or more polymer layers disposed about the secondary cluster. The carbonized layer may aid in optimizing performance of the cathode material. Also disclosed herein are methods, processes, devices, and systems for removing hydrogen sulfide from a waste stream. In some embodiments, the waste stream containing hydrogen sulfide is a gas. The waste stream can be combined with a solvent containing a metal-catalyst complex, and the reaction of hydrogen sulfide with the metal results in production of a hydrogen gas and a solid comprising metal sulfide.

Objects of the present invention are to provide a novel dehydrogenation reaction catalyst, to provide a method that can produce a ketone, an aldehyde, and a carboxylic acid with high efficiency from an alcohol, and to provide a method for efficiently producing hydrogen from an alcohol, formic acid, or a formate, and they are accomplished by a catalyst containing an organometallic compound of Formula (1). ##STR00001##

A method for the generation of a gas mixture including carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen for use in hydroformylation plants, including the steps of evaporating water to steam; feeding the steam to a solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) or an SOEC stack at a sufficient temperature for the cell or cell stack to operate while effecting a partial conversion of steam to hydrogen; utilizing the effluent SOEC gas including H.sub.2 together with CO.sub.2 from an external source as feed for a RWGS reactor in which the RWGS reaction takes place, converting some of the CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 to CO and H.sub.2O; removing some of or all the remaining steam from the raw product gas stream; using said gas mixture comprising CO, CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 for liquid phase hydroformylation utilizing carbon monoxide and hydrogen as reactants, while recycling CO.sub.2 to the RWGS reactor.

Catalysts and processes designed to convert DME and/or methanol and hydrogen (H.sub.2) to desirable liquid fuels are described. These catalysts produce the fuels efficiently and with a high selectivity and yield, and reduce the formation of aromatic hydrocarbons by incorporating H.sub.2 into the products. Also described are process methods to further upgrade these fuels to higher molecular weight liquid fuel mixtures, which have physical properties comparable with current commercially used liquid fuels.