A method of forming vertical graphene nanostripes comprising one or several monolayers and characterized by a thickness normal to the one or several monolayers, a length orthogonal to the thickness, and a width orthogonal to the thickness includes providing a substrate, subjecting the substrate to a reduced pressure environment in a processing chamber, and providing methane gas and C.sub.6-containing precursor. The method also includes flowing the methane gas and the C.sub.6-containing precursor into the processing chamber, establishing a partial pressure ratio of the C.sub.6-containing precursor to methane gas in the processing chamber, and generating a plasma. The method further includes exposing at least a portion of the substrate to the methane gas, the C.sub.6-containing precursor, and the plasma and growing the vertical graphene nanostripes coupled to the at least a portion of the substrate, wherein the thickness of the vertical graphene nanostripes extends parallel to the substrate.

A method of forming graphene nanostripes includes providing a substrate comprising at least one of copper foil or nickel foam and subjecting the substrate to a reduced pressure environment in a processing chamber. The method also includes providing methane gas and 1,2-dichlorobenzene (1,2-DCB) gas, flowing the methane gas and the 1,2-DCB into the processing chamber, and establishing a partial pressure ratio of 1,2-DCB gas to methane gas in the processing chamber. The partial pressure ratio is between 0 and 3. The method further includes generating a plasma, thereafter, exposing the at least a portion of the substrate to the methane gas, the 1,2-DCB gas, and the plasma, and growing the graphene nanostripes coupled to the at least a portion of the substrate.

A graphene nanoribbon represented by formula (1):

##STR00001## wherein R.sup.1 represents a linear alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are both hydrogen atoms, or R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 taken together form a group represented by SiR.sup.2aR.sup.2b, wherein R.sup.2a and R.sup.2b are the same or different, and each represents a hydrogen atom, an optionally branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a phenyl group, and n represents an integer of 1 or more, is a novel GNR obtained by a simpler and industrially advantageous method for GNRs.

A graphene nanoribbon precursor has a structure that is indicated by a predetermined chemical formula. In the chemical formula (1), n.sub.1 is an integer that is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 6; X, Y, and Z are F, Cl, Br, I, H, OH, SH, SO.sub.2H, SO.sub.3H, SO.sub.2NH.sub.2, PO.sub.3H.sub.2, NO, NO.sub.2, NH.sub.2, CH.sub.3, CHO, COCH.sub.3, COOH, CONH.sub.2, COCl, CN, CF.sub.3, CCl.sub.3, CBr.sub.3, or CI.sub.3; and when desorption temperatures of X, Y and Z from carbon atoms constituting six-membered rings are respectively T.sub.X, T.sub.Y, and T.sub.Z, a relationship of T.sub.X<T.sub.YT.sub.Z is satisfied.

Disclosed is a method for the manufacture of a multilayer structure comprising a first layer, a second layer and a third layer for example to form a capacitor. The multilayer structure comprises a first layer, a second layer and a third layer, wherein the first layer and the third layer each form at least one of at least two electrodes and comprise one or more pyrolyzed carbon nanomembranes or one or more layers of graphene, and the second layer is a dielectric comprising one or more carbon nanomembranes.

A method for preparing fluorinated graphene nanoribbons by using fluorine gas as a fluorine source, which includes a step of: fluorinating anhydrous carbon nanotubes in a fluorine gas atmosphere under a pressure of 0.070 MPa and a temperature of 280450 C. to obtain the fluorinated graphene nanoribbons. The method provided is operationally simple, and has a wide variety of raw material sources, low cost, and high production which can reach up to tens of milligrams and even up to hundreds of grams; moreover, the method has simple post-treatment, and can produce fluorinated graphene nanoribbons by a one-step reaction. The prepared fluorinated graphene nanoribbons have very good superhydrophobic properties and chemical stability, and thus can be applied to the anti-icing and other fields, having a very good application prospect.

3D graphene optical sensors, such as microstructure sensors and nanostructure sensors. The 3D optical sensors include one or more graphene panels shaped to surround an interior, open volume. Graphene plasmons couple across the interior, open volume. The 3D optical sensors can have a polygonal shape or a cylindrical shape.

Provided are graphene nanoribbons with controlled zig-zag edge and cove edge configuration and methods for preparing such graphene nanoribbons. The nanoribbons are selected from the following formulae. ##STR00001##

A method for producing a carbon nanostructure aggregate having a large external specific surface area and a carbon nanostructure aggregate are provided. The method for producing a carbon nanostructure aggregate comprises supplying a source gas to a catalyst to grow a carbon nanostructure aggregate comprising a plurality of carbon nanostructures by a chemical vapor deposition method, wherein a gas derived from the source gas and brought into contact with the catalyst comprises: as a hydrocarbon to serve as a carbon source, at least one of: a hydrocarbon A having at least one acetylene skeleton, a hydrocarbon B having at least one 1,3 -butadiene skeleton, a hydrocarbon C having at least one cyclopentadiene skeleton, and a hydrocarbon D having at least one allene skeleton, and carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide; and satisfies 0.01[CO]/[C]15 where [C] is a total volume concentration of carbon contained in the hydrocarbons A, B, C, and D, and [CO] is a volume concentration of carbon monoxide.

A method of forming graphene nanostripes includes providing a substrate comprising at least one of copper foil or nickel foam and subjecting the substrate to a reduced pressure environment in a processing chamber. The method also includes providing methane gas and 1,2-dichlorobenzene (1,2-DCB) gas, flowing the methane gas and the 1,2-DCB into the processing chamber, and establishing a partial pressure ratio of 1,2-DCB gas to methane gas in the processing chamber. The partial pressure ratio is between 0 and 3. The method further includes generating a plasma, thereafter, exposing the at least a portion of the substrate to the methane gas, the 1,2-DCB gas, and the plasma, and growing the graphene nanostripes coupled to the at least a portion of the substrate.