It can sometimes be difficult to quantify the amount of polymer present in a subterranean treatment fluid, particularly at a job site. Methods for analyzing a treatment fluid for a polymer can comprise: receiving a sample of a treatment fluid comprising a nitrogen-containing polymer; placing the sample of the treatment fluid and an aqueous base in an oilfield retort; heating the sample of the treatment fluid and the aqueous base together in the oilfield retort at least until the nitrogen-containing polymer has been substantially hydrolyzed to one or more volatile nitrogen compounds; distilling the one or more volatile nitrogen compounds from the oilfield retort; and determining a quantity of the nitrogen-containing polymer in the sample of the treatment fluid based upon a quantity of the one or more volatile nitrogen compounds distilled from the oilfield retort. Analyses of other nitrogen-containing compounds may take place similarly.

The invention relates to a metallic membrane for nitrogen separation, the method of making the membrane and methods of using the membrane. The invention also relates to a metallic membrane for disassociation of nitrogen and subsequent reaction with hydrogen to produce ammonia at moderate conditions compared to a conventional Haber-Bosch process.

The invention relates to a metallic membrane for nitrogen separation, the method of making the membrane and methods of using the membrane. The invention also relates to a metallic membrane for disassociation of nitrogen and subsequent reaction with hydrogen to produce ammonia at moderate conditions compared to a conventional Haber-Bosch process.

An economical method for recovering phosphate or phosphate and nitrogen from liquid streams. A liquid containing phosphate is introduced into a culture of autotrophic microorganisms in the presence of natural or artificial light, thereby producing a liquid effluent with elevated pH and reduced alkalinity. The alkalinity is reduced through the consumption of bicarbonate/carbonate by the autotrophic microorganisms. The effluent is then chemically treated with low-cost chemicals to provide Ca.sup.++ or Mg.sup.++ ions necessary to form a phosphate precipitate such as calcium phosphate or magnesium-ammonium-phosphate (MAP). The autotrophic microorganisms can be cultivated in ponds, lagoons, or photobioreactors. The pH of the culture is adjustable within a preferred range of 7.5 to 10.5 by adjusting the photobioreactor operation. The process includes an economical flotation separator for solid, liquid, gas separation and a means of concentrating ammonia nitrogen that may also be removed during the process of phosphate reclamation.

An economical method for recovering phosphate or phosphate and nitrogen from liquid streams. A liquid containing phosphate is introduced into a culture of autotrophic microorganisms in the presence of natural or artificial light, thereby producing a liquid effluent with elevated pH and reduced alkalinity. The alkalinity is reduced through the consumption of bicarbonate/carbonate by the autotrophic microorganisms. The effluent is then chemically treated with low-cost chemicals to provide Ca.sup.++ or Mg.sup.++ ions necessary to form a phosphate precipitate such as calcium phosphate or magnesium-ammonium-phosphate (MAP). The autotrophic microorganisms can be cultivated in ponds, lagoons, or photobioreactors. The pH of the culture is adjustable within a preferred range of 7.5 to 10.5 by adjusting the photobioreactor operation. The process includes an economical flotation separator for solid, liquid, gas separation and a means of concentrating ammonia nitrogen that may also be removed during the process of phosphate reclamation.

In one aspect, the disclosure relates to system for recovering ammonia and phosphorus from a waste stream, methods of using the system to precipitate phosphorus as vivianite and to separate ammonia from total organic carbon in the waste stream, methods of modifying a nanofiltration membrane to exhibit selectivity for ammonia passage relative to total organic carbon passage, and compositions including fertilizers produced using recovered ammonia, phosphorus, and optionally potassium from the waste stream. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.

In one aspect, the disclosure relates to system for recovering ammonia and phosphorus from a waste stream, methods of using the system to precipitate phosphorus as vivianite and to separate ammonia from total organic carbon in the waste stream, methods of modifying a nanofiltration membrane to exhibit selectivity for ammonia passage relative to total organic carbon passage, and compositions including fertilizers produced using recovered ammonia, phosphorus, and optionally potassium from the waste stream. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.