Provided are a saturable absorber including at least one material selected from a group of MXenes, and a Q-switching and mode-locked pulsed laser system using the same.

The present invention is directed to compositions comprising at least one layer or at least two layers, each layer comprising a substantially two-dimensional array of crystal cells, having first and second surfaces, each crystal cell having the empirical formula of M.sub.n+1X.sub.n, where M, X, and n are described in the specification, and devices incorporating these compositions.

The present invention is directed to compositions comprising at least one layer or at least two layers, each layer comprising a substantially two-dimensional array of crystal cells, having first and second surfaces, each crystal cell having the empirical formula of M.sub.n+1X.sub.n, where M, X, and n are described in the specification, and devices incorporating these compositions.

Copolymers of propylene oxide and carbon dioxide and homopolymers of propylene oxide are made using two dimensional double metal cyanide complexes having the formula Co[M(CN).sub.4] or hydrated or partially dehydrated form thereof. There is no propylene carbonate by product in the copolymerization.

Copolymers of propylene oxide and carbon dioxide and homopolymers of propylene oxide are made using two dimensional double metal cyanide complexes having the formula Co[M(CN).sub.4] or hydrated or partially dehydrated form thereof. There is no propylene carbonate by product in the copolymerization.

In vitro and in vivo methods of removing carbon monoxide from hemoglobin in blood or animal tissue are described. Methods of treating carboxyhemoglobinemia (carbon monoxide poisoning) in a subject are also described. The methods include administering natural or artificial oxygen carriers that are in their reduced form. Methods of producing a reduced oxygen carrier are further described. Methods of treating cyanide poisoning or hydrogen sulfide poisoning with oxygen carriers are also described.

In vitro and in vivo methods of removing carbon monoxide from hemoglobin in blood or animal tissue are described. Methods of treating carboxyhemoglobinemia (carbon monoxide poisoning) in a subject are also described. The methods include administering natural or artificial oxygen carriers that are in their reduced form. Methods of producing a reduced oxygen carrier are further described. Methods of treating cyanide poisoning or hydrogen sulfide poisoning with oxygen carriers are also described.

The disclosure relates to an aqueous electrochemical device comprising a negative electrode, a positive electrode, a separator and an aqueous electrolyte having an alkaline pH, wherein onto the positive electrode is disposed at least one layer of nanoparticles capable of being used to form a local hydronium ion rich environment at the positive electrode during operation of the device, and/or the capacity ratio between the negative electrode and the positive electrode is less than 1 so as to substantially avoid production of oxygen at the positive electrode. The electrochemical device may find particular use in large-scale energy storage.