A method for recovering alkali and aluminum during treatment of Bayer red mud using a calcification-carbonation method, including steps of mixing the Bayer red mud with calcium aluminate or with calcium aluminate and lime, performing calcification dealkalization conversion in a high-concentration alkaline liquor, and carbonizing the calcified residues produced during dealkalization to obtain carbonized residues; and then performing low-temperature aluminum dissolution, aluminum precipitation and the like to obtain calcium aluminate products, which is returned to the calcification dealkalization conversion of the red mud for recycling. Part of an alkali-containing and aluminum-containing liquid phase after calcification dealkalization conversion can be used as supplementary alkali in the Bayer production course for recycling. The method is energy-saving and environmentally-friendly, and allows recovering alkali and aluminum from the red mud and harmless treatment of the Bayer red mud.

To provide a cation exchange membrane which is less susceptible to swelling or elongation during electrolysis of a potassium chloride aqueous solution even without permitting water absorption or swelling immediately prior to mounting it in an electrolyzer, and a method whereby it possible to stably produce a potassium hydroxide aqueous solution without necessity to conduct an operation for water absorption or swelling immediately prior to mounting the membrane in the electrolyzer. A cation exchange membrane comprising a polymer having cation exchange groups, wherein in cations (100 mol %) contained in the cation exchange membrane, the total of potassium ions and sodium ions is at least 99 mol %, and in the total (100 mol %) of potassium ions and sodium ions contained in the cation exchange membrane, the potassium ions are 80-98 mol % and the sodium ions are 20-2 mol %,

To provide a cation exchange membrane which is less susceptible to swelling or elongation during electrolysis of a potassium chloride aqueous solution even without permitting water absorption or swelling immediately prior to mounting it in an electrolyzer, and a method whereby it possible to stably produce a potassium hydroxide aqueous solution without necessity to conduct an operation for water absorption or swelling immediately prior to mounting the membrane in the electrolyzer. A cation exchange membrane comprising a polymer having cation exchange groups, wherein in cations (100 mol %) contained in the cation exchange membrane, the total of potassium ions and sodium ions is at least 99 mol %, and in the total (100 mol %) of potassium ions and sodium ions contained in the cation exchange membrane, the potassium ions are 80-98 mol % and the sodium ions are 20-2 mol %,

According to various embodiments, a carbon capture system includes: a renewable power source; an electrolysis chamber that generates chlorine (CI), hydrogen (H), and an aqueous sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution from a sodium chloride (NaCl) solution using electrical energy from the renewable power source; a mixing chamber that generates an aqueous sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO.sub.3) solution by mixing CO.sub.2-containing air and the aqueous NaOH solution; and a CO.sub.2 extraction chamber that generates CO.sub.2 by combining the aqueous NaHCO.sub.3 solution with hydrogen chloride (HCl).

According to various embodiments, a carbon capture system includes: a renewable power source; an electrolysis chamber that generates chlorine (CI), hydrogen (H), and an aqueous sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution from a sodium chloride (NaCl) solution using electrical energy from the renewable power source; a mixing chamber that generates an aqueous sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO.sub.3) solution by mixing CO.sub.2-containing air and the aqueous NaOH solution; and a CO.sub.2 extraction chamber that generates CO.sub.2 by combining the aqueous NaHCO.sub.3 solution with hydrogen chloride (HCl).

The electrochemical reactors disclosed herein provide novel oxidation and reduction chemistries and employ increased mass transport rates of materials to and from the surfaces of electrodes therein.

The electrochemical reactors disclosed herein provide novel oxidation and reduction chemistries and employ increased mass transport rates of materials to and from the surfaces of electrodes therein.

An integrated energy system comprising a power plant including at least one nuclear reactor and electrical power generation system, the at least one nuclear reactor being configured to generate steam, and the electrical power generation system being configured to generate electricity, a desalination system configured to receive at least a portion of the electricity and steam to produce brine, an electrolysis process configured to process the brine into Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH), a Sodium Formate (HCOONa) production process configured to receive the Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) to produce Sodium Formate (HCOONa), a Hydrogen (H.sub.2) extraction reactor configured to receive the Sodium Formate (HCOONa) and produce Hydrogen (H.sub.2), and a fuel cell configured to receive the Hydrogen (H.sub.2).

An integrated energy system comprising a power plant including at least one nuclear reactor and electrical power generation system, the at least one nuclear reactor being configured to generate steam, and the electrical power generation system being configured to generate electricity, a desalination system configured to receive at least a portion of the electricity and steam to produce brine, an electrolysis process configured to process the brine into Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH), a Sodium Formate (HCOONa) production process configured to receive the Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) to produce Sodium Formate (HCOONa), a Hydrogen (H.sub.2) extraction reactor configured to receive the Sodium Formate (HCOONa) and produce Hydrogen (H.sub.2), and a fuel cell configured to receive the Hydrogen (H.sub.2).

An integrated energy system including a power plant is discussed herein. In some examples, the integrated energy system may include at least one nuclear reactor and electrical power generation system configured to generate steam and electricity, a water treatment plant configured to produce Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) from salt water, a Sodium Formate (HCOONa) production plant configured to receive the Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) to produce Sodium Formate (HCOONa), a Thermal Decomposition reactor configured to receive the Sodium Formate (HCOONa) and configured to receive at least a first portion of the steam or at least a second portion of the electricity from the power plant to indirectly heat the Thermal Decomposition reactor to produce Hydrogen (H.sub.2), Carbon Dioxide (CO.sub.2), and Carbon Monoxide (CO) from the Sodium Formate (HCOONa), and a Methanol (CH.sub.3OH) reaction chamber configured to receive the Hydrogen (H.sub.2), the Carbon Dioxide (CO.sub.2), and the Carbon Monoxide (CO) to produce Methanol (CH.sub.3OH).