This invention relates to improvements in and relating to ice pigging, and comprises a flowable slush of frozen particles for ice pigging a pipework, comprising, an aqueous liquid medium, a multiplicity of frozen particulates of said aqueous liquid medium, a freezing point depressant, selected from a hydroxide ion, said hydroxide ion present in the range of less than 10 wt %.

An aqueous caustic composition comprising: a caustic component; an amino acid additive adapted to provide an extended buffering effect to the caustic composition when such is exposed to an acid; and water, wherein the caustic component and the amino acid additive are present in a molar ratio ranging from 15:1 to 5:1. Methods of using such compositions are also disclosed.

An aqueous caustic composition comprising: a caustic component; an amino acid additive adapted to provide an extended buffering effect to the caustic composition when such is exposed to an acid; and water, wherein the caustic component and the amino acid additive are present in a molar ratio ranging from 15:1 to 5:1. Methods of using such compositions are also disclosed.

A fly ash treatment method includes: a setting step: finding out an initial viscosity value of initial fly ash; a pickling operation step: adding the initial fly ash, water and an acid to a pickling tank, uniformly stirring the mixture, and detecting and adjusting a ratio of components of slurry in the pickling tank to conform to a variation of the curve in the heavy metal leaching test curve graph; a first quantitative output step: inputting the slurry into a first buffer tank and quantitatively output the slurry; a first filtration step: filtering fine particles in the slurry output by from the first buffer tank; a drying and pulverizing step: removing water from the slurry passing through the first filter, and performing pulverizing to form powder; and a rotary kiln cracking step: cracking organic matters in the powder by a rotary kiln, and collecting fly ash cinder.

A fly ash treatment method includes: a setting step: finding out an initial viscosity value of initial fly ash; a pickling operation step: adding the initial fly ash, water and an acid to a pickling tank, uniformly stirring the mixture, and detecting and adjusting a ratio of components of slurry in the pickling tank to conform to a variation of the curve in the heavy metal leaching test curve graph; a first quantitative output step: inputting the slurry into a first buffer tank and quantitatively output the slurry; a first filtration step: filtering fine particles in the slurry output by from the first buffer tank; a drying and pulverizing step: removing water from the slurry passing through the first filter, and performing pulverizing to form powder; and a rotary kiln cracking step: cracking organic matters in the powder by a rotary kiln, and collecting fly ash cinder.

An aqueous caustic composition comprising: a caustic component; an alkanolamine additive adapted to provide an extended buffering effect to the caustic composition when such is exposed to acid; and water. Uses and methods of using such compositions are also disclosed.

An aqueous caustic composition comprising: a caustic component; an alkanolamine additive adapted to provide an extended buffering effect to the caustic composition when such is exposed to acid; and water. Uses and methods of using such compositions are also disclosed.

An aqueous caustic composition comprising: a caustic component; an amino acid additive adapted to provide an extended buffering effect to the caustic composition when such is exposed to an acid; and water, wherein the caustic component and the amino acid additive are present in a molar ratio ranging from 15:1 to 5:1. Methods of using such compositions are also disclosed.

An aqueous caustic composition comprising: a caustic component; an amino acid additive adapted to provide an extended buffering effect to the caustic composition when such is exposed to an acid; and water, wherein the caustic component and the amino acid additive are present in a molar ratio ranging from 15:1 to 5:1. Methods of using such compositions are also disclosed.

An aqueous caustic composition comprising: a caustic component; an amino acid additive adapted to provide an extended buffering effect to the caustic composition when such is exposed to an acid; and water, wherein the caustic component and the amino acid additive are present in a molar ratio ranging from 15:1 to 5:1. Methods of using such compositions are also disclosed.