Methods and systems for producing highly activated silicate materials are disclosed. A silicate source material is provided for reaction with a reforming agent in a reforming process. The reforming process is a hydrothermal process and/or a high temperature silicate reforming (HTSR) process. The reaction materials are brought to the suitable reaction temperature via a heat source in the presence of the suitable reaction medium. For the hydrothermal reaction process, the reaction medium and heat source can be exhausted steam that is the byproduct of another industrial process. For the HTSR process, the silicate source material and the heat source can be a molten slag byproduct from another industrial process. The activated silicate materials exhibit improved reactivity compared to non-activated silicate materials and thus are advantageously employed in elemental extraction processes to produce a value material product. By being integrated with the utilization of industrial waste heat, like molten slag heat utilization (MSHU), and the recycle of the reforming agents, the production of activated silicate based materials can base on sustainable energy and materials.

Methods and systems for producing highly activated silicate materials are disclosed. A silicate source material is provided for reaction with a reforming agent in a reforming process. The reforming process is a hydrothermal process and/or a high temperature silicate reforming (HTSR) process. The reaction materials are brought to the suitable reaction temperature via a heat source in the presence of the suitable reaction medium. For the hydrothermal reaction process, the reaction medium and heat source can be exhausted steam that is the byproduct of another industrial process. For the HTSR process, the silicate source material and the heat source can be a molten slag byproduct from another industrial process. The activated silicate materials exhibit improved reactivity compared to non-activated silicate materials and thus are advantageously employed in elemental extraction processes to produce a value material product. By being integrated with the utilization of industrial waste heat, like molten slag heat utilization (MSHU), and the recycle of the reforming agents, the production of activated silicate based materials can base on sustainable energy and materials.

Inhibiting or preventing corrosion of metallic components downhole may be accomplished by introducing neutralization media into a wellbore in the proximity of downhole metallic components, where the neutralization media comprises magnesium and where the method further includes subsequently contacting the neutralization media with a potentially corrosive environment comprising at least 5 volume % water, where the water has a pH of less than 11. This contacting activates the neutralization media with the water thereby releasing magnesium ions, and the magnesium ions react with hydroxyl ions of the water to give magnesium hydroxide in an amount effective to raise the pH of the water present to be between about 8 and 12 thereby inhibiting or preventing corrosion of metallic components downhole.

Inhibiting or preventing corrosion of metallic components downhole may be accomplished by introducing neutralization media into a wellbore in the proximity of downhole metallic components, where the neutralization media comprises magnesium and where the method further includes subsequently contacting the neutralization media with a potentially corrosive environment comprising at least 5 volume % water, where the water has a pH of less than 11. This contacting activates the neutralization media with the water thereby releasing magnesium ions, and the magnesium ions react with hydroxyl ions of the water to give magnesium hydroxide in an amount effective to raise the pH of the water present to be between about 8 and 12 thereby inhibiting or preventing corrosion of metallic components downhole.

The present disclosure is generally directed to a desalination system. In some embodiments, the desalination system includes one or more recycle seawater systems configured to receive one or more concentrated brine streams produced by the desalination system and generate one or more recycle brine streams using the one or more concentrated brine streams and desalinated water.

The present disclosure is generally directed to a desalination system. In some embodiments, the desalination system includes one or more recycle seawater systems configured to receive one or more concentrated brine streams produced by the desalination system and generate one or more recycle brine streams using the one or more concentrated brine streams and desalinated water.

A method for producing mesoporous magnesium hydroxide nanoplates involving solvothermal treatment of a solution of a magnesium salt, a base, a glycol, and water is disclosed. The method does not use a surfactant or template in the solvothermal treatment. The method yields mesoporous nanoparticles of magnesium hydroxide having a plate-like morphology with a diameter of 20 nm to 100 nm, a mean pore diameter of 2 to 10 nm, a surface area of 50 to 70 m.sup.2/g, and a type-III nitrogen adsorption-desorption BET isotherm with a H3 hysteresis loop. An antibacterial composition containing the mesoporous magnesium hydroxide nanoplates is also disclosed. A method for reducing nitroaromatic compounds with a reducing agent and the mesoporous magnesium hydroxide nanoplates as a catalyst is also disclosed.

A method for producing mesoporous magnesium hydroxide nanoplates involving solvothermal treatment of a solution of a magnesium salt, a base, a glycol, and water is disclosed. The method does not use a surfactant or template in the solvothermal treatment. The method yields mesoporous nanoparticles of magnesium hydroxide having a plate-like morphology with a diameter of 20 nm to 100 nm, a mean pore diameter of 2 to 10 nm, a surface area of 50 to 70 m.sup.2/g, and a type-III nitrogen adsorption-desorption BET isotherm with a H3 hysteresis loop. An antibacterial composition containing the mesoporous magnesium hydroxide nanoplates is also disclosed. A method for reducing nitroaromatic compounds with a reducing agent and the mesoporous magnesium hydroxide nanoplates as a catalyst is also disclosed.

Nanoplatelet forms of metal hydroxide and metal oxide are provided, as well as methods for preparing same. The nanoplatelets are suitable for use as fire retardants and as agents for chemical or biological decontamination.

Nanoplatelet forms of metal hydroxide and metal oxide are provided, as well as methods for preparing same. The nanoplatelets are suitable for use as fire retardants and as agents for chemical or biological decontamination.