A process for treating a sulfurous fluid to form gypsum and magnesium carbonate, whereby the sulfurous fluid is scrubbed with a sequestrating agent to yield a scrubbed fluid, gypsum and magnesium sulfate. The flue gas desulfurized gypsum is isolated from the magnesium sulfate solution by filtration or centrifugation. The magnesium sulfate is reacted with a carbonate salt to produce a magnesium carbonate whereby the reaction conditions are controlled to control the properties of the magnesium carbonate produced.

A method for the production of potassium sulphate comprising contacting an aqueous potassium- and sulphate-containing composition with magnesium chloride (MgCl.sub.2), thereby obtaining a composition comprising kainite; optionally concentrating the kainite from the composition; reacting the kainite with magnesium sulphate (MgSO.sub.4) and potassium sulphate (K.sub.2SO.sub.4) so as to convert the kainite into leonite (K.sub.2SO.sub.4.MgSO.sub.4.4H.sub.2O); optionally contacting the leonite with water to remove excess MgSO.sub.4; and contacting the leonite with water so as to leach the MgSO.sub.4, contained in the leonite, and to at least substantially selectively precipitate potassium sulphate (K.sub.2SO.sub.4). The method can be operated at higher temperatures, in particular, at temperatures above 35 C., and does not require a cooling step at 20 to 25 C. The method produces potassium sulphate with a low amount of chloride.

A method for the production of potassium sulphate comprising contacting an aqueous potassium- and sulphate-containing composition with magnesium chloride (MgCl.sub.2), thereby obtaining a composition comprising kainite; optionally concentrating the kainite from the composition; reacting the kainite with magnesium sulphate (MgSO.sub.4) and potassium sulphate (K.sub.2SO.sub.4) so as to convert the kainite into leonite (K.sub.2SO.sub.4.MgSO.sub.4.4H.sub.2O); optionally contacting the leonite with water to remove excess MgSO.sub.4; and contacting the leonite with water so as to leach the MgSO.sub.4, contained in the leonite, and to at least substantially selectively precipitate potassium sulphate (K.sub.2SO.sub.4). The method can be operated at higher temperatures, in particular, at temperatures above 35 C., and does not require a cooling step at 20 to 25 C. The method produces potassium sulphate with a low amount of chloride.

A device for creating hollow tubes of crystalline magnesium sulphate sized a micron pertains to the production technology for inorganic micron-scale materials. The device consist of two halogenation tanks, a solar collector, a temperature-controlled crystallization chamber, a centrifuge, a conveyor belt, and a dryer. The solar collector is connected to a heat pipe at the bottom of a brine pool to form a circulation path. Said method is to convert high magnesium brine into saturated brine with a Mg.sup.2+:Na.sup.+ mass ratio between (8?15):1 by a brine blending operation at a temperature of 60? C.?90? C. it is controlled to be cooled and crystallized at a cooling rate of 0.6?2.0? C./min, solid-liquid centrifugal separation is carried out when it is cooled down to 40?48.5? C., and the solid phase is dried at a temperature of 48.5?70? C., and finally micron-sized crystalline magnesium sulfate hollow tubes are obtained.

A device for creating hollow tubes of crystalline magnesium sulphate sized a micron pertains to the production technology for inorganic micron-scale materials. The device consist of two halogenation tanks, a solar collector, a temperature-controlled crystallization chamber, a centrifuge, a conveyor belt, and a dryer. The solar collector is connected to a heat pipe at the bottom of a brine pool to form a circulation path. Said method is to convert high magnesium brine into saturated brine with a Mg.sup.2+:Na.sup.+ mass ratio between (8?15):1 by a brine blending operation at a temperature of 60? C.?90? C. it is controlled to be cooled and crystallized at a cooling rate of 0.6?2.0? C./min, solid-liquid centrifugal separation is carried out when it is cooled down to 40?48.5? C., and the solid phase is dried at a temperature of 48.5?70? C., and finally micron-sized crystalline magnesium sulfate hollow tubes are obtained.

A forest fire retardant composition contains a retardant compound that includes a phosphate salt. The phosphate salt may include diammonium phosphate, diammonium orthophosphate, monoammonium phosphate, monoammonium orthophosphate, monosodium phosphate, disodium phosphate, disodium phosphate hydrate, sodium ammonium phosphate, sodium ammonium phosphate hydrate, sodium tripolyphosphate, trisodium phosphate, or dipotassium phosphate, and combinations thereof. The forest fire retardant composition may include an ammonium source. The composition may be in the form of a dry concentrate, a liquid concentrate, or a final diluted product. The final diluted product is effective in suppressing, retarding, and controlling forest fires while exhibiting corrosion resistance and low toxicity.

A forest fire retardant composition contains a retardant compound that includes a phosphate salt. The phosphate salt may include diammonium phosphate, diammonium orthophosphate, monoammonium phosphate, monoammonium orthophosphate, monosodium phosphate, disodium phosphate, disodium phosphate hydrate, sodium ammonium phosphate, sodium ammonium phosphate hydrate, sodium tripolyphosphate, trisodium phosphate, or dipotassium phosphate, and combinations thereof. The forest fire retardant composition may include an ammonium source. The composition may be in the form of a dry concentrate, a liquid concentrate, or a final diluted product. The final diluted product is effective in suppressing, retarding, and controlling forest fires while exhibiting corrosion resistance and low toxicity.

Processes for regenerating alkali process streams are disclosed herein, including streams containing sodium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and combinations thereof. Systems for regenerating alkali process streams are disclosed herein, including streams containing sodium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and combinations thereof.

Processes for regenerating alkali process streams are disclosed herein, including streams containing sodium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and combinations thereof. Systems for regenerating alkali process streams are disclosed herein, including streams containing sodium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and combinations thereof.

A composition for use in surfactant polymer flooding processes in a carbonate reservoir, the composition comprising a surfactant, the surfactant operable to reduce interfacial tension, a polymer, the polymer operable to increase the viscosity of the composition, and a tailored water, the tailored water operable to alter a wettability of the in-situ rock, where the tailored water has a total dissolved solids of between 5,000 wt ppm and 7,000 wt ppm, where the total dissolved solids comprises a salt, where the composition has a viscosity between 3 cP and 100 cP.