A polishing solution includes a fluid component and a plurality of conditioning particles. The fluid component includes water, a basic pH adjusting agent, and a polymeric thickening agent. The polymeric thickening agent is present in the fluid component at greater than 0.01 weight percent based on the total weight of the polishing solution.

The present specification relates to a method for manufacturing a fine aluminum pattern, an aluminum pattern manufactured by the manufacturing method, and a conductive film including the same.

The present specification relates to a method for manufacturing a fine aluminum pattern, an aluminum pattern manufactured by the manufacturing method, and a conductive film including the same.

Disclosed are systems and methods for refractory recycling that result in refined individual refractory components from a network of aggregate refractory components based on a fragmentation process. In one embodiment, a network of refractory aggregates is crushed and deposited into a refiner machine. The refiner machine includes a blast chamber that houses a projecting mechanism. The deposited aggregate material is propelled from the projecting mechanism at a critical velocity. Upon impact with an inner lining of material within the blast chamber, contaminant particles can fracture apart from the deposited aggregate material, leaving a refined individual refractory component.

The invention provides a composition comprising a three-dimensional amorphous trivalent network which reduces the number of modes within a particular frequency range (ω.sub.c±Δω). The invention also extends to use of the composition as a structural colouration material and a paint, dye or fabric comprising the structural colouration material. Additionally, the invention extends to use of the composition as an optical filter or as a supporting matrix configured to define at least one optical component, such as a frequency filter, light-guiding structure for a telecommunications application, an optical computer chip, an optical micro-circuit or a laser comprising the supporting matrix.

The invention provides a composition comprising a three-dimensional amorphous trivalent network which reduces the number of modes within a particular frequency range (ω.sub.c±Δω). The invention also extends to use of the composition as a structural colouration material and a paint, dye or fabric comprising the structural colouration material. Additionally, the invention extends to use of the composition as an optical filter or as a supporting matrix configured to define at least one optical component, such as a frequency filter, light-guiding structure for a telecommunications application, an optical computer chip, an optical micro-circuit or a laser comprising the supporting matrix.

The present document provides details of a nanostructured material defined by an anodized alumina having a nanostructure with transverse pores that pass through and connect longitudinal pores grown on an aluminum substrate. This document also describes the process for producing said nanostructured material and the possible use thereof as a template or mould for obtaining nanostructures formed by nanowires, which are generated in the cavities or pores of the aforementioned nanostructure of the nanomaterial of the invention. Likewise, this document details the use of the nanostructured anodized alumina material as a mould for producing nanostructures.

The present document provides details of a nanostructured material defined by an anodized alumina having a nanostructure with transverse pores that pass through and connect longitudinal pores grown on an aluminum substrate. This document also describes the process for producing said nanostructured material and the possible use thereof as a template or mould for obtaining nanostructures formed by nanowires, which are generated in the cavities or pores of the aforementioned nanostructure of the nanomaterial of the invention. Likewise, this document details the use of the nanostructured anodized alumina material as a mould for producing nanostructures.

Methods for producing ethylene using nanowires as heterogeneous catalysts are provided. The method includes, for example, an oxidative coupling of methane catalyzed by nanowires to provide ethylene.

Methods for producing ethylene using nanowires as heterogeneous catalysts are provided. The method includes, for example, an oxidative coupling of methane catalyzed by nanowires to provide ethylene.