Described herein is a process for the production of potassium sulfate and ammonium sulfate from syngenite. Specifically, the syngenite is produced from waste liquors and low value minerals and is used to produce valuable secondary products. Specifically, instead of performing the decomposition reaction in one step at high temperature, this process performs the reaction in 2 steps at temperatures lower than the decomposition temperature of ammonium bicarbonate: a first step to reach the equilibrium and produce saturated potassium sulfate brine, and a second step to complete the syngenite decomposition reaction.

The present document describes an oral care composition comprising a cuttlefish bone powder, comprising particles having more than 95% (w/w) calcium carbonate content, a specific surface area of at least 5 m.sup.2/g, a mechanical hardness about 4.75 to 6.87 GPa, and at least 20% of said particles of the powder have a particle size of from about 50 microns to about 70 microns and a mean of about 60 microns, and a suitable carrier, and uses of the composition for oral hygiene.

The present document describes an oral care composition comprising a cuttlefish bone powder, comprising particles having more than 95% (w/w) calcium carbonate content, a specific surface area of at least 5 m.sup.2/g, a mechanical hardness about 4.75 to 6.87 GPa, and at least 20% of said particles of the powder have a particle size of from about 50 microns to about 70 microns and a mean of about 60 microns, and a suitable carrier, and uses of the composition for oral hygiene.

Disclosed herein are systems and methods from processing flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum feedstock and ash feedstocks, either separately or together. FGD gypsum conversion comprises reacting FGD gypsum (calcium sulfate) feedstock or phosphogypsum, in either batch or continuous mode, with ammonium carbonate reagent to produce commercial products comprising ammonium sulfate and calcium carbonate. A process to separate the impurities and convert the calcium carbonate to a pure precipitated calcium carbonate is disclosed. These impurities include a concentrate of valuable Rare Earth Elements, and radioactive thorium and uranium. A process to convert calcium sulfite to calcium sulfate using oxygen and a catalyst is also disclosed. Ash conversion comprises a leach process followed by a sequential precipitation process to selectively precipitate products at predetermined pHs resulting in metal hydroxides which may be converted to oxides or carbonates. The processes may be controlled by use of one or more processors.

Disclosed herein are systems and methods from processing flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum feedstock and ash feedstocks, either separately or together. FGD gypsum conversion comprises reacting FGD gypsum (calcium sulfate) feedstock or phosphogypsum, in either batch or continuous mode, with ammonium carbonate reagent to produce commercial products comprising ammonium sulfate and calcium carbonate. A process to separate the impurities and convert the calcium carbonate to a pure precipitated calcium carbonate is disclosed. These impurities include a concentrate of valuable Rare Earth Elements, and radioactive thorium and uranium. A process to convert calcium sulfite to calcium sulfate using oxygen and a catalyst is also disclosed. Ash conversion comprises a leach process followed by a sequential precipitation process to selectively precipitate products at predetermined pHs resulting in metal hydroxides which may be converted to oxides or carbonates. The processes may be controlled by use of one or more processors.

The present invention provides stabilized amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) formulations, comprising ACC and a non-aqueous liquid carrier in which the ACC is dispersed. The present invention further provides cosmetic and pharmaceutical compositions comprising ACC.

The present invention provides stabilized amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) formulations, comprising ACC and a non-aqueous liquid carrier in which the ACC is dispersed. The present invention further provides cosmetic and pharmaceutical compositions comprising ACC.

A method of treating a sulphate-bearing stream which includes the steps of hydrolysing aluminium sulphate to produce a chemically-reactive aluminium trihydroxide and sulphuric acid, adding lime to immobilize the sulphuric acid as gypsum and using the aluminium trihydroxide to remove sulphate from the sulphate-bearing stream without interference of sulphate derived from the aluminium sulphate used as an aluminium source in the hydrolysis step.

Implant comprising composite powder with microstructured particles, obtained by a process in which large particles are bonded to small particles, wherein the large particles have a mean particle diameter in the range from 10 μm to 10 mm, the large particles comprise at least one polymer, the small particles are arranged on the surface of the large particles and/or are non-homogeneously spread within the large particles, the small particles comprise a calcium salt, the small particles have a mean particle size in the range from 0.01 μm to 1.0 mm,
wherein the particles of the composite powder have a mean particle size d50 in the range from 10 μm to less than 200 μm and the fine fraction of the composite powder is less than 50 vol %. Therefore, the subject matter of the invention further are implants obtained by selective laser sintering of a composition comprising a composite powder, especially as an implant for applications in the field of neuro, oral, maxillary, facial, ear, nose and throat surgery as well as of hand, foot, thorax, costal and shoulder surgery.

In this disclosure, a process of recycling acid, base and the salt reagents required in the Li recovery process is introduced. A membrane electrolysis cell which incorporates an oxygen depolarized cathode is implemented to generate the required chemicals onsite. The system can utilize a portion of the salar brine or other lithium-containing brine or solid waste to generate hydrochloric or sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide and carbonate salts. Simultaneous generation of acid and base allows for taking advantage of both chemicals during the conventional Li recovery from brines and mineral rocks. The desalinated water can also be used for the washing steps on the recovery process or returned into the evaporation ponds. The method also can be used for the direct conversion of lithium salts to the high value LiOH product. The method does not produce any solid effluent which makes it easy-to-adopt for use in existing industrial Li recovery plants.