The present invention relates to a composition for forming conductive patterns and a resin structure having a conductive pattern, capable of forming a conductive micropattern on various polymer resin products or resin layers using a simplified process and exhibiting excellent heat dissipation characteristics. The composition for forming conductive patterns comprises: a polymer resin; a non-conductive metal compound represented by a specific chemical formula; and a heat-dissipating material, wherein a metal nucleus is formed from the non-conductive metal compound by the irradiation of electromagnetic waves.

A perovskite-based photoelectric functional material having a general formula M.sub.zA.sub.yBX.sub.z+y+2. The matrix of the photoelectric functional material is a perovskite material ABX.sub.3, M is an organic amphipathic molecule used as a modification component of the matrix, 0<z?0.5, 0<y?1, and y+z?1.

Functionalized metal oxides nanoparticles comprising at least one alkali metal ion and nitrate ions are disclosed herein. In addition, methods for obtaining functionalized nanoparticles are disclosed. Likewise, uses of the disclosed nanoparticles in the obtaining of colloidal inks and optoelectronic films for electronic devices, for example solar cells, are disclosed. The nanoparticles taught herein are useful in the manufacture of; inter alia, electronic, optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices.

Layered double hydroxides having a high surface area (at least 125 m.sup.2/g) and the formula (I)
[M.sup.z+.sub.1?xM.sup.y+.sub.x(OH).sub.2].sup.a+(X.sup.n?).sub.a/n.sub.+bH.sub.2O.c(AMO-solvent)(I)
wherein M and M are different and each is a charged metal cation (and must be present), z=1 or 2; y=3 or 4, 0<x<0.9, b is 0 to 10, c=0 to 10, X is an anion, n is the charge on the anion, and a=z(1?x)+xy?2; AMO-solvent is aqueous miscible organic solvent, may be prepared by a method which comprises a) precipitating a layered double hydroxide having the formula
[M.sup.z+.sub.1?xM.sup.y+.sub.x(OH).sub.2].sup.a+(X.sup.n?).sub.a/n.sub.+bH.sub.2O wherein M, M, z, y, x, a, b and X are as defined above from a solution containing the cations of the metals M and M and the anion X.sup.n?; b) ageing the layered double hydroxide precipitate obtained in step a) in the original solution; c) collecting, then washing the layered double hydroxide precipitate; d) dispersing the wet layered double hydroxide in an AMO solvent so as to produce a slurry of the layered double hydroxide in the solvent; e) maintaining the dispersion obtained in step d); and f) recovering and drying the layered double hydroxide. The high surface area products have low particle size and are particularly suitable for use as catalysts, catalyst supports, sorbents and coatings.

A mixed-metallic phosphate compound is disclosed, which contains as the main metal copper in the divalent oxidation state in a proportion of at least 90.0 at-% and one or more doping metals in a total proportion of the doping metals of at least 0.01 to at most 10.0 at-%, wherein the doping metals are selected from the group consisting of the elements of the first and second main groups and the eighth subgroup of the elements of the periodic table, Al, Sn, Si, Bi, Cr, Mo, Mn, and the lanthanides. The stated metal proportions relate to the total amount of the metals in the mixed-metallic phosphate compound. The mixed-metallic compound has a phosphate content expressed as P.sub.2O.sub.5 in the range of 10 to 60 wt-%. Also disclosed is a method for producing the mixed-metallic phosphate compound and the use thereof.

An oxide superconductor according to an embodiment includes an oxide superconducting layer includes a single crystal having a continuous perovskite structure containing at least one rare earth element selected from the group consisting of yttrium, lanthanum, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, and lutetium, barium, and copper, containing praseodymium is a part of the site of the rare earth element in the perovskite structure, and having a molar ratio of praseodymium of 0.00000001 or more and 0.2 or less with respect to the sum of the at least one rare earth element and praseodymium; fluorine in an amount of 2.010.sup.15 atoms/cc or more and 5.010.sup.19 atoms/cc or less; and carbon in an amount of 1.010.sup.17 atoms/cc or more and 5.010.sup.20 atoms/cc or less.

The present invention provides a layered double hydroxide with improved conductivity, a layered double hydroxide and a composite material containing the layered double hydroxide. The layered double hydroxide is represented by the general formula: [Mg.sup.2+.sub.(1-y)M1.sup.+.sub.y].sub.1-x[Al.sup.3+.sub.(1-z)M2.sup.+.sub.z].sub.x(OH).sub.2A.sup.n.sub.x/n.mH.sub.2O, wherein 0.1x0.4, 0y0.95, and 0z0.95, provided that both y and z are not 0 at the same time; =1 or 2; =2 or 3; A.sup.n is an n-valent anion, provided that n is an integer of 1 or greater; m0; M1.sup.+ is a cation of at least one substituent element selected from monovalent elements, transition metal elements, and other elements with an ionic radius greater than that of Mg.sup.2+; and M2.sup.+ is a cation of at least one element selected from divalent elements, transition metals, and other elements with an ionic radius greater than that of Al.sup.3+.

A superconducting wire includes: a laminated structure including a substrate having a main surface and a superconducting material layer formed on the main surface; and a reinforcing layer disposed on both side surfaces of the laminated structure in the width direction of the substrate. The reinforcing layer has an exposed end surface positioned on at least one side of the bottom surface and the top surface of the laminated structure. In a cross section in the width direction of the substrate, the ratio of the total width of the reinforcing layer to the width of the laminated structure is 1% or more and 15% or less.

Treatment of multiple sclerosis with copper nanoclusters (CuNCs).

Provided are a paste for contacts and a solar cell using the same. The paste for contacts includes Al powder, glass frit, inorganic binder, and P-type oxidation containing I group elements.