A light valve containing ABX.sub.3 perovskite particles (200) suspended in a liquid suspension (300) that can control light transmittance is provided. The preferable ABX.sub.3 perovskite particles (200) are halide ABX.sub.3 perovskite particles wherein A is at least one of Cs.sup.+, CH.sub.3NH.sub.3.sup.+, and Rb.sup.+, B is at least one of Pb.sup.2+, Ge.sup.2+, and Sn.sup.2+, and X is at least one of Cl.sup., Br.sup., and I.sup.. Use of the light valve in the manufacture of a light control device and a method of controlling light transmittance by using the light valve are also provided.

A light valve containing ABX.sub.3 perovskite particles (200) suspended in a liquid suspension (300) that can control light transmittance is provided. The preferable ABX.sub.3 perovskite particles (200) are halide ABX.sub.3 perovskite particles wherein A is at least one of Cs.sup.+, CH.sub.3NH.sub.3.sup.+, and Rb.sup.+, B is at least one of Pb.sup.2+, Ge.sup.2+, and Sn.sup.2+, and X is at least one of Cl.sup., Br.sup., and I.sup.. Use of the light valve in the manufacture of a light control device and a method of controlling light transmittance by using the light valve are also provided.

Described are methods and compositions for processes of preparing a radioactive solution of Sn-117m tetraiodide. Aspects include reacting a radioactive solid Sn containing Sn-117m with a solution of I.sub.2 in an organic solvent at a temperature and for a duration sufficient to result in the formation of Sn-117m tetraiodide. Then, the organic solvent is removed by evaporation to leave dry Sn-117m tetraiodide. The organic solvent is a low boiling point solvent capable of dissolving I.sub.2 and Sn tetraiodide. The organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of an alcohol and a chlorinated solvent. In embodiments may be selected from the group consisting of dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, or mixtures thereof. In embodiments, the organic solvent excludes alcohol. The I.sub.2 may be in a slight molar excess to the radioactive solid Sn. The method may further include distilling the reactants to remove excess I.sub.2 from the distillate.

C

Described are methods and compositions for processes of preparing a radioactive solution of Sn-117m tetraiodide. Aspects include reacting a radioactive solid Sn containing Sn-117m with a solution of I.sub.2 in an organic solvent at a temperature and for a duration sufficient to result in the formation of Sn-117m tetraiodide. Then, the organic solvent is removed by evaporation to leave dry Sn-117m tetraiodide. The organic solvent is a low boiling point solvent capable of dissolving I.sub.2 and Sn tetraiodide. The organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of an alcohol and a chlorinated solvent. In embodiments may be selected from the group consisting of dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, or mixtures thereof. In embodiments, the organic solvent excludes alcohol. The I.sub.2 may be in a slight molar excess to the radioactive solid Sn. The method may further include distilling the reactants to remove excess I.sub.2 from the distillate.

C

The present invention provides a light valve containing ABX.sub.3 perovskite particles; more specifically is related to a light valve containing halide ABX.sub.3 perovskite particles that can control light transmittance. The preferable halide ABX.sub.3 perovskite particles in this invention consist of A being at least one of Cs.sup.+, CH3NH3.sup.+, and Rb.sup.+, B being at least one of Pb.sup.2+, Ge.sup.2+, and Sn.sup.2+, and X being at least one of Cl.sup., Br.sup., and I.sup.. This kind of halide ABX.sub.3 perovskite particles were suspended in a liquid suspension to make a light valve with a light transmittance control, which discloses a completely new application for ABX.sub.3 perovskite materials.

A complex has a structure of formula (1A): SnX.sub.n.Math.(m)L, wherein X is at least one type of halogen atoms, L is a polar solvent molecule, n is a value from 1.5 to 2.5, and m is a value from 0.3 to 1.9. A perovskite compound has a structure of formula (2A): RSnX.sub.j, wherein Sn has an oxidation number from 1.5 to 2.5, R is at least one type of a monovalent cation, X is at least one type of halogen atoms, and j is a value from 2.5 to 3.5, and the perovskite compound is free of tin oxide; or a perovskite compound has a structure of formula (2B): R.sub.2M.sup.2BiX.sub.1, wherein R is at least one type of a monovalent cation, X is at least one type of halogen atoms; M.sup.2 is a monovalent metal, and i is a value from 5.0 to 7.0.

The present invention is directed to a process for producing a molded polymeric article including: providing a polymerizable composition of a reaction mixture of at least the following components: a mold release agent of ionic fluoride and/or ionic fluoride precursor, and a polymeric organic material selected from thermosetting organic polymeric materials and thermoplastic organic materials; allowing the reaction mixture to undergo exothermic reaction; providing a mold having a first part and a second part spaced one from the other thereby forming a cavity there between; introducing the reaction mixture into the mold cavity wherein the reaction mixture is at a temperature of up to 130 C.; holding the mold at a temperature and for a time sufficient to cure the reaction mixture thereby forming a molded polymeric article within the mold; and removing the molded polymeric article from the mold.

Molded articles also are provided.

The present invention is directed to a process for producing a molded polymeric article including: providing a polymerizable composition of a reaction mixture of at least the following components: a mold release agent of ionic fluoride and/or ionic fluoride precursor, and a polymeric organic material selected from thermosetting organic polymeric materials and thermoplastic organic materials; allowing the reaction mixture to undergo exothermic reaction; providing a mold having a first part and a second part spaced one from the other thereby forming a cavity there between; introducing the reaction mixture into the mold cavity wherein the reaction mixture is at a temperature of up to 130 C.; holding the mold at a temperature and for a time sufficient to cure the reaction mixture thereby forming a molded polymeric article within the mold; and removing the molded polymeric article from the mold.

Molded articles also are provided.

A method of producing a tin-based perovskite layer includes: preparing a first solution by dissolving a tin-based perovskite compound in a solvent that does not contain dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO); after the preparing of the first solution, mixing the DMSO with the first solution; and applying the first solution mixed with the DMSO to a base. The mixing is performed a predetermined time before the applying of the first solution mixed with the DMSO to the base.

A method of producing a tin-based perovskite layer includes: preparing a first solution by dissolving a tin-based perovskite compound in a solvent that does not contain dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO); after the preparing of the first solution, mixing the DMSO with the first solution; and applying the first solution mixed with the DMSO to a base. The mixing is performed a predetermined time before the applying of the first solution mixed with the DMSO to the base.