Set forth herein are processes for making lithium-stuffed garnet oxides (e.g., Li.sub.7La.sub.3Zr.sub.2O.sub.12, also known as LLZO) that have passivated surfaces comprising a fluorinate and/or an oxyfluorinate species. These surfaces resist the formation of oxides, carbonates, hydroxides, peroxides, and organics that spontaneously form on LLZO surfaces under ambient conditions. Also set forth herein are new materials made by these processes.

A composite cathode active material for a lithium battery, the composite cathode active material including: a lithium composite oxide; and a coating layer disposed on at least a portion of the lithium composite oxide and including a composite including ZrP.sub.2O.sub.7 and LiZr.sub.2(PO.sub.4).sub.3, wherein the composite including ZrP.sub.2O.sub.7 and LiZr.sub.2(PO.sub.4).sub.3 is a reaction product of an acid treated a zirconium precursor, a phosphorus precursor, and the lithium composite oxide.

A novel and environmentally preferable method is provided for preparing solid electrolyte particles capable of making dense, flexible, Li.sup.+ conducting electrolyte thin films. Methods are also provided for using the solid electrolyte particles and/or thin films in manufacturing safer and more efficient lithium-based batteries. In particular, the method uses inorganic precursors instead of using organic precursors in preparing an aerosol and then convert the aerosol to solid powders to provide the solid electrolyte particles. The solid electrolyte particles prepared have a cubic polymorph and have a desired particle size range, and are capable of making a solid electrolyte film with a thickness less than 50 μm.

The object of the present invention is to provide an exhaust gas purifying catalyst that can achieve high purification performance while suppressing H.sub.2S emissions. The object is solved by an exhaust gas purifying catalyst in which the top layer of a catalyst coating layer comprises a ceria-zirconia composite oxide having a pyrochlore-type ordered array structure, in which the ceria-zirconia composite oxide contains at least one additional element selected from the group consisting of praseodymium, lanthanum, and yttrium at 0.5 to 5.0 mol % in relation to the total cation amount, and the molar ratio of (cerium+additional element):(zirconium) is within the range from 43:57 to 48:52.

The invention relates to a fluorination process consisting in bringing an inorganic compound M into contact with an atmosphere comprising difluorine gas, the inorganic compound M being a garnet based on the elements Li, La, Zr, A and O and for which the relative composition of the Li, La, Zr and A cations corresponds to the formula (I): Li.sub.xLa.sub.3Zr.sub.zA.sub.w.

A solid ionic conducting material for use in an electrochemical device comprises an oxyhydroxide or hydrated oxide derived from of an oxide with a perovskite, Brownmillerite, layered oxide, and/or K.sub.4CdCl.sub.6 structure, the elemental composition of the initial oxide being selected to provide suitable conduction properties for the derived anhydrous or hydrated oxyhydroxide or hydrated oxide. A method of making such a solid ionic conducting material, including treatment with water, and an electrochemical device incorporating such a solid ionic conducting material (optionally as an electrolyte) are also disclosed.

A method of preparing a lithium lanthanum zirconate (LLZO) cubic garnet material is provided which comprises the following steps: (a) milling a slurry comprising one or more precursor compounds in an aqueous medium, wherein the one or more precursor compounds comprise lithium, lanthanum, zirconium and optionally one or more dopant elements, to provide a milled slurry; (b) spray drying the milled slurry to provide a spray-dried powder; and (c) annealing the spray-dried powder. The resultant LLZO cubic garnet material may be used as a lithium ion conductive solid electrolyte in secondary lithium-ion batteries.

Modular pressurized hotbox for use and substitution in a variety of pressurized electrochemical applications to include reversible solid oxide electrolyzer and fuel cells, energy storage systems, renewable fuel production, solid-state hydrogen pumping and liquefaction, and oxygen transport membranes. This is enabled by mixed electronic and ionic conducting compositions of vanadia-yttria and vanadia-calcia stabilized zirconia and a dry powder method of manufacture for ceramic core stacks.

A garnet-type ion-conducting oxide configured to inhibit lithium carbonate formation on the surface of crystal particles thereof, and a method for producing an oxide electrolyte sintered body using the garnet-type ion-conducting oxide. The garnet-type ion-conducting oxide represented by a general formula (Li.sub.x-3y-z, E.sub.y, H.sub.z)L.sub.αM.sub.βO.sub.γ (where E is at least one kind of element selected from the group consisting of Al, Ga, Fe and Si; L is at least one kind of element selected from an alkaline-earth metal and a lanthanoid element: M is at least one kind of element selected from a transition element which be six-coordinated with oxygen and typical elements in groups 12 to 15 of the periodic table; 3≤x−3y−z≤; 0≤y≤0.22; C≤z≤2.8; 2.5≤α≤3.5; 1.5≤≈≤2.5; and 11≤γ≤13), wherein a half-width of a diffraction peak which has a highest intensity and which is observed at a diffraction angle (2θ) in a range of from 29° to 32° as a result of X-ray diffraction measurement using CuKα radiation, is 0.164° or less.

A mixed conductor represented by Formula 1:
A.sub.4±xTi.sub.5−yG.sub.zO.sub.12−δ  Formula 1 wherein, in Formula 1, A is a monovalent cation, G is at least one of a monovalent cation, a divalent cation, a trivalent cation, a tetravalent cation, a pentavalent cation, or a hexavalent cation, with the proviso that G is not Ti or Cr, wherein 0<x<2, 0.3<y<5, 0<z<5, and 0<δ≤3.