An object of the present invention is to provide a negative thermal expansion material having better negative thermal expansion characteristics. The present invention is a negative thermal expansion material, comprising a copper vanadium composite oxide represented by the following general formula (1): Cu.sub.xCa.sub.yV.sub.zO.sub.t. In the general formula (1), 0<x<2.50, 0<y<2.00, 1.70z2.30, 6.00t9.00, and 1.00x+y3.00.

An object of the present invention is to provide a negative thermal expansion material having better negative thermal expansion characteristics. The present invention is a negative thermal expansion material, comprising a copper vanadium composite oxide dissolving Li atoms and represented by the following general formula (1): (Cu.sub.xM.sub.y)(V.sub.aP.sub.b)O.sub.t. In the general formula (1), M represents a metallic element with an atomic number of 11 or more other than Cu and V, 1.60x2.40, 0.00y0.40, 1.60a2.40, 0.00b0.40, 5.00t9.00, 1.60x+y2.40, and 1.60a+b2.40.

A vanadium oxide of the present disclosure is represented by a composition formula (1): Li.sub.3+x+V.sub.1-xM.sub.xO.sub.4+2. In the composition formula (1), 0.03<<1.0 and 0x<1.0 are satisfied, and M is at least one selected from the group consisting of tetravalent metal elements. A battery 1000 of the present disclosure includes a positive electrode 201, a negative electrode 203, and an electrolyte layer 202 disposed between the positive electrode 201 and the negative electrode 203. The negative electrode 203 includes the vanadium oxide of the present disclosure.

A sodium-ion battery includes a cathode comprising sodium; and an anode composition comprising a material having the formula: A.sub.aB.sub.bC.sub.cD.sub.dO, where A is an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, or a combination thereof, where B is titanium, C is vanadium, D is one or more transition metal element other than titanium or vanadium, a+b+c+d1, a0, b+c>0, b0, c0, d>0, and where the material comprises a ilmenite structure, triclinic VFeO.sub.4 structure, cubic Ca.sub.5Co.sub.4(VO.sub.4).sub.6 structure, dichromate structure, orthorhombic -CoV.sub.3O.sub.8 structure, brannerite structure, thortveitite structure, orthorhombic -CrPO.sub.4 structure, or the pseudo rutile structure.

An object of the present invention is to provide a negative thermal expansion material having better negative thermal expansion characteristics. The present invention is a negative thermal expansion material, comprising a copper vanadium composite oxide dissolving Li atoms and represented by the following general formula (1):(Cu.sub.xM.sub.y)(V.sub.aP.sub.b)O.sub.t. In the general formula (1), M represents a metallic element with an atomic number of 11 or more other than Cu and V, 1.60x2.40, 0.00y0.40, 1.60a2.40, 0.00b0.40, 5.00t9.00, 1.60x+y2.40, and 1.60a+b2.40.

The present invention concerns specific new compounds of formula Li.sub.(2x)Na.sub.(x)MO.sub.(2y/2)F.sub.(1+y) (where 0x0.2 and 0.6y0,8 and M is a transition metal), cathode material comprising the new compounds, batteries and lithium-cells comprising said new compound or cathode material, a process for the production of the new compound and their use.

An object of the present invention is to provide a negative thermal expansion material having better negative thermal expansion characteristics. The present invention is a negative thermal expansion material, comprising copper vanadium composite oxide powder dissolving Al atoms and represented by the following general formula (1), Cu.sub.xM.sub.yV.sub.zO.sub.t (1). In general formula (1), M represents a metallic element with an atomic number of 11 or more other than Cu, V, and Al, 1.60x2.40, 0.00y0.40, 1.70z2.30, 6.00t9.00, 1.00x+y3.00, and a molar number of the Al atoms in terms of atoms>a molar number of M atoms in terms of atoms if an M element is contained.

A solid electrolyte, a method of manufacturing the same, and a lithium battery including the solid electrolyte. The solid electrolyte may include a solid ion conductor represented by Formula 1:

Li.sub.aB.sub.bAl.sub.mQ.sub.nO.sub.cX.sub.dFormula 1

wherein, in Formula 1, Q is an element that has an ionic radius that differs from an ionic radius of Al by less than 30% and has +3 and +5 valence states, X is at least one of F, Cl, Br, or I, 3.5a4.5, 3b<5.2, 1m3, 0<n<2, 11c13, and 0<d1.5.

The present application provides a sodium-doped lithium-rich metal oxide material and a preparation method thereof, a positive electrode material, a positive electrode plate, a battery, and an electric apparatus. The sodium-doped lithium-rich metal oxide material includes a compound Li.sub.m-xNa.sub.xMO.sub.y. The sodium-doped lithium-rich metal oxide material of the present application facilitates reducing the resistance to lithium-ion extraction from the crystal lattice, thereby increasing the charging capacity of the battery.

A method for manufacturing a vanadium electrolyte is used to solve the problem that the expansive raw material and the additional reducing agent are used in the conventional method. The method comprises: preforming a reduction roasting reaction of ammonium trioxovanadate (V) (NH.sub.4VO.sub.3) at a temperature of 700 C. to 900 C. for a time period of 1 hour to 4 hours to obtain a first vanadium-containing mixture. The first vanadium-containing mixture is dissolved in a first aqueous sulfuric acid solution to obtain the vanadium electrolyte. Accordingly, the manufacturing cost of the vanadium electrolyte is reduced, and the quality of the vanadium electrolyte is improved.