A photochemical electrode includes: an optical absorption layer; a catalyst layer for oxygen evolution reaction over the optical absorption layer; and a conducting layer over the catalyst layer. A valance band maximum of the catalyst layer is higher than a valance band maximum of the optical absorption layer. A work function of the conducting layer is larger than a work function of the catalyst layer.

The present invention relates to a solid electrolyte comprising a sulfide-based compound and an all-solid-state battery applied therewith and, more particularly, to a solid electrolyte comprising a sulfide-based compound that is free of phosphorus (P) element but exhibits high ionic conductivity, and an all-solid-state battery applied therewith. The sulfide-based solid electrolyte and the all-solid-state battery applied therewith according to the present invention exhibit improved reactivity to moisture to prevent the generation of toxic gas, resulting in an improvement in safety and stability and do not reduce in ion conductivity even after being left in air, and the solid electrolyte is easy to handle and store thanks to the improved shelf stability thereof.

Disclosed herein are embodiments of doped and undoped spherical or spheroidal lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide (LLZO) powder products, and methods of production using microwave plasma processing, which can be incorporated into solid state lithium ion batteries. Advantageously, embodiments of the disclosed LLZO powder display a high quality, high purity stoichiometry, small particle size, narrow size distribution, spherical morphology, and customizable crystalline structure.

A process for synthesizing a Mn.sup.4+ doped phosphor of formula I by electrolysis is presented. The process includes electrolyzing a reaction solution comprising a source of manganese, a source of M and a source of A. One aspect relates to a phosphor composition produced by the process. A lighting apparatus including the phosphor composition is also provided. A.sub.x[MF.sub.y]:Mn.sup.4+ (I) where, A is Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, or a combination thereof; M is Si, Ge, Sn, Ti, Zr, Al, Ga, In, Sc, Hf, Y, La, Nb, Ta, Bi, Gd, or a combination thereof; x is the absolute value of the charge of the [MF.sub.y] ion; and y is 5, 6 or 7.

A solid electrolyte material contains Li, M, and X. M is at least one selected from metallic elements, and X is at least one selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, and I. A plurality of atoms of X form a sublattice having a closest packed structure. An average distance between two adjacent atoms of X among the plurality of atoms of X is 1.8% or more larger than a distance between two adjacent atoms of X in a rock-salt structure composed only of Li and X.

Provided is a complex oxide that has a space group I-43d, has a high hydrogen content, contains almost no impurity phase, exhibits almost no aluminum substitution in the structure thereof, and is suitable for proton conductivity. This complex oxide is represented by a chemical formula Li.sub.7-x-yH.sub.xLa.sub.3Zr.sub.2-yM.sub.yO.sub.12 (M represents Ta and/or Nb, 3.2<x7y, and 0.25<y<2) and is a single phase of a garnet type structure belonging to a cubic system, and the crystal structure thereof is a space group I-43d.

A solid electrolyte material contains Li, Y, at least one selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn, Sc, La, Sm, Bi, Zr, Hf, Nb, and Ta, and at least one selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, and I. An X-ray diffraction pattern of the solid electrolyte material obtained by using Cu-K radiation as the X-ray source includes peaks within the range in which the diffraction angle 2 is 25 or more and 35 or less, and also includes at least one peak within the range in which the diffraction angle 2 is 43 or more and 51 or less.

A solid electrolyte material is represented by the following compositional formula (1):

Li.sub.3-3-2aY.sub.1+-aM.sub.aCl.sub.6-x-yBr.sub.xI.sub.y where, M is at least one selected from the group consisting of Ta and Nb; and 1<<1, 0<a<1.2, 0<(332a), 0<(1+a), 0x6, 0y6, and (x+y)6 are satisfied.

A solid electrolyte material contains Li; Y; at least one selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn, Zr, Nb, and Ta; and at least one selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, and I. An X-ray diffraction pattern of the solid electrolyte material obtained using Cu-K radiation as an X-ray source includes peaks in a range of diffraction angles 2 of 30 or more and 33 or less, in a range of diffraction angles 2 of 39 or more and 43 or less, and in a range of diffraction angles 2 of 47 or more and 51 or less.

A solid-state electrolyte includes a lithium salt, a lithium ion-conducting inorganic material, a polymer, and a coupling agent. The coupling agent bonds the lithium ion-conducting inorganic material to the polymer.